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700
Modum FK
It entered the league system for the 2008 season, taking the place of Åmot IF in the <a href="Norwegian%20Second%20Division">Second Division</a>. Åmot started anew in the Fourth Division. However, already in the <a href="2008%20Norwegian%20Second%20Division">first season</a> Modum were relegated. In addition, Åmot won promotion, so in <a href="2009%20Norwegian%20Third%20Division">2009</a> the teams faced each other in the <a href="Norwegian%20Third%20Division">Third Division</a>. However, Åmot was relegated after one season, while Modum have been playing in the Third Division since.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712403
19,712,403
1
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
701
Haylan
Haylan (), is a town in the eastern <a href="Sanaag">Sanaag</a> region of <a href="Somaliland">Somaliland</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712417
19,712,417
0
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
702
Haylan
An old settlement, Haylan is the site of numerous ancient ruins and buildings, many of obscure origins. Northeastern Somalia in general is home to numerous such <a href="archaeological%20site">archaeological site</a>s. However, many of these old structures have yet to be properly explored, a process which would help shed further light on local history and facilitate their preservation for posterity.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712417
19,712,417
1
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
703
Haylan
Located near <a href="Badhan%2C%20Sanaag">Badhan</a>, the town is also where Sheikh Darod, the founding father of the <a href="Darod">Darod</a> clan, lived and was buried. Sheikh Darod's wife, <a href="Dobira">Dobira</a>, is also buried here.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712417
19,712,417
2
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
704
Haylan
In September 2018, <a href="Puntland">Puntland</a> President <a href="Abdiweli%20Gaas">Abdiweli Gaas</a> visited the Tomb of Sheikh Darod.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712417
19,712,417
3
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
705
Nicholas Gruner
Fr Nicholas Nightingale Gruner (May 4, 1942April 29, 2015) was a <a href="Catholic%20Church">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="Priesthood%20in%20the%20Catholic%20Church">priest</a> and a promoter of the message of <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20F%C3%A1tima">Our Lady of Fátima</a>, a recognized <a href="Marian%20apparition">apparition</a> of the <a href="Mary%2C%20mother%20of%20Jesus">Blessed Virgin Mary</a> at <a href="F%C3%A1tima%2C%20Portugal">Fátima, Portugal</a>, in 1917. Father Gruner's interpretation of that message at times proved controversial, even among other groups of <a href="Traditionalist%20Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholics</a>. In 1978, he founded the "Fatima Crusaders" (known today as "The Fatima Center") and was its International Director.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
0
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
706
Nicholas Gruner
The fifth of seven children, Father Gruner was born in <a href="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="Quebec">Quebec</a>, to Malcolm and Jessie (née Mullally) Gruner. He graduated from <a href="McGill%20University">McGill University</a> and obtained a post-graduate degree in <a href="theology">theology</a> from the <a href="Pontifical%20University%20of%20Saint%20Thomas%20Aquinas">Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas</a> in <a href="Rome">Rome</a>. He was ordained at <a href="Avellino">Avellino</a>, Italy on August 22, 1976 by Bishop Pasquale Venezia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
1
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
707
Nicholas Gruner
In 1978, he launched a periodical, the "Fatima Crusader", dedicated to Our Lady of Fatima, which was at first a journal dedicated to <a href="rosary">praying the rosary</a>. In the early 1980s the "Fatima Crusader" began to focus more on Gruner's interpretation of the message of Our Lady of Fatima, particularly regarding the <a href="consecration%20of%20Russia">consecration of Russia</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
2
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
708
Nicholas Gruner
Fr Gruner started a radio and television ministry for his viewpoint. By the early 1990s Gruner's media advocacy had resulted in increased membership with claims of four hundred thousand members. Going forward the "Crusader" continued to argue for the consecration of Russia and maintained that such action was increasingly urgent. In his later years Gruner aligned himself with Catholic traditionalists who maintain that the documents of Vatican II are pastoral, had resulted in failure and should be reversed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
3
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
709
Nicholas Gruner
Fr Gruner died on the night of April 29, 2015, of a sudden heart attack while working in his Fatima Center office in <a href="Fort%20Erie%2C%20Ontario">Fort Erie, Ontario</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
4
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
710
Nicholas Gruner
Fr Gruner and his magazine, "Fatima Crusader", took a critical stance toward the compliance of the popes with the message of Fatima, specifically the request for the consecration of Russia. Throughout the 1980s, the "Fatima Crusader" made repeated allegations that the Vatican had been infiltrated and subverted, and that the <a href="Soviet%20Union">Soviet Union</a> was engaging in deliberate deception when it depicted <a href="Mikhail%20Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> and <a href="perestroika">perestroika</a> as initiators of internal Communist reform after the <a href="Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan%20War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> in the 1980s. In 1988, Gruner urged a letter-writing campaign against arms control talks.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
5
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
711
Nicholas Gruner
When the <a href="Dissolution%20of%20the%20Soviet%20Union">Soviet Union finally disintegrated</a> in 1991, Fatima groups such as the <a href="Blue%20Army%20of%20Our%20Lady%20of%20F%C3%A1tima">Blue Army of Our Lady of Fátima</a> and <a href="Fatima%20Family%20Apostolate">Fatima Family Apostolate</a> rejoiced, regarding this as evidence of the efficacy of the dedication of the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary that John Paul II had conducted nine years earlier. Gruner and the "Fatima Crusader" discounted it based on the lack of any spiritual conversion in Russia. Colin Donovan, STL criticized the "Fatima Crusader", saying, "This magazine also attacks anyone who disagrees with Fr. Fr Gruner's opinions on Fatima, showing contempt for all other Fatima apostles. This includes holy priests like Fr. <a href="Robert%20J.%20Fox">Robert J. Fox</a>, whose Fatima Family Apostolate has propagated the Fatima message to far greater audiences than Fr. Gruner could ever hope to do".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
6
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712
Nicholas Gruner
Despite subsequent statements by the <a href="Congregation%20for%20the%20Doctrine%20of%20the%20Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a> and by the remaining visionary <a href="Sister%20L%C3%BAcia">Sister Lúcia</a>, who is said to have denied Gruner's interpretation that a further consecration of Russia was needed, Gruner's criticisms continued. The "Fatima Crusader" has suggested that Sister Lúcia was kept from speaking the truth about the message of Fatima. Writer and commentator <a href="Carlos%20Evaristo">Carlos Evaristo</a> held Gruner as an example of, in the words of <a href="John%20L.%20Allen">John L. Allen</a>, "an exegetical free-for-all that's long percolated in the Fatima underground", saying, "What happened with the Fatima message is that Sister Lúcia related it but never interpreted it. That left space for all sorts of strange theories."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
7
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
713
Nicholas Gruner
The <a href="Southern%20Poverty%20Law%20Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>, a non-profit civil rights organization, listed Gruner's "Fatima Crusader" as a periodical which has published anti-Semitic articles. The <a href="Anti-Defamation%20League">Anti-Defamation League</a> identified Gruner as a <a href="Holocaust%20denial">Holocaust denier</a> who promoted conspiracy theories about the Jews plotting to overthrow <a href="Christian%20civilization">Christian civilization</a>, and the Fatima Center as a radical Catholic organization that espoused anti-Semitic views.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
8
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
714
Nicholas Gruner
In 1989 fr Gruner was ordered by Bishop Gerardo Pierro, his ecclesiastical superior, to return to <a href="Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Avellino">Avellino, Italy</a>, the diocese of his <a href="incardination%20and%20excardination">incardination</a>. When he did not respond, <a href="Antonio%20Innocenti">Cardinal Innocenti</a>, Prefect of the <a href="Congregation%20for%20the%20Clergy">Congregation for the Clergy</a>, wrote to warn him that failure to return would result in his suspension . He did not undertake the action required of him. In 1994, the new Bishop of Avellino issued a decree declaring Gruner a ("wandering") priest. In 1996 Gruner was suspended from his priestly functions. He appealed the suspension, but was unsuccessful.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
9
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
715
Nicholas Gruner
In September 2001, the <a href="Congregation%20for%20the%20Clergy">Congregation for the Clergy</a> stated that Gruner's suspension was "confirmed by a definitive sentence of the supreme tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura." According to the priest himself, he had never been suspended at all. Gruner was subsequently incardinated in the <a href="Archdiocese%20of%20Hyderabad">Archdiocese of Hyderabad</a>, but remained suspended. The Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto and the Diocese of London, Ontario, warned parishioners not to support Gruner's organization.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
10
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
716
Nicholas Gruner
On October 23, 2012 Gruner, along with attorney <a href="Christopher%20Ferrara">Christopher Ferrara</a>, appeared at the headquarters of the <a href="European%20Union">European Union</a> in <a href="Strasbourg%2C%20France">Strasbourg, France</a> to speak in support of a motion for a declaration by the EU Parliament calling upon <a href="Pope%20Benedict%20XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> to carry out the Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Gruner and Ferrara were invited to speak at a press conference by the sponsors of the motion, MEPs <a href="Mario%20Borghezio">Mario Borghezio</a> and <a href="Lorenzo%20Fontana">Lorenzo Fontana</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
11
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
717
Nicholas Gruner
Fr Gruner was scheduled to appear at a June 22, 2014 event to mark the 44th anniversary of the alleged <a href="Veronica%20Lueken">apparitions at Bayside, Queens</a>. This event was to benefit St. Michael’s World Apostolate. In response, the Brooklyn Diocese’s Chancellor, Msgr. Anthony Hernandez, sent a communiqué to all pastors warning about a suspended priest who encourages these devotions and was planning an appearance in Queens: "Given that Father Gruner remains suspended, and, given that the alleged Bayside apparitions have been rejected by the legitimate ecclesiastical authorities, the faithful are strongly discouraged from participating in any events connected to Father Gruner or St. Michael's World Apostolate."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
12
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
718
Nicholas Gruner
Fr Gruner's opinions regarding the Consecration of Russia, the Prophecy and the Third Secret were publicly contradicted by Fatima Seer Sister Lúcia who rebuked him for misrepresenting her during two genuine video-taped interviews held in 1992 and 1993. These were televised with her written permission on all 3 Portuguese Television Stations (RTP 1, SIC and TVI) during major news broadcasts in 1998, This public disclosure she claimed she had permitted for the purpose of public Clarification given the widely disseminated misinformation of Gruner and various other Fatima Conspiracy Theorists The video taped interview of 1993 was subsequently distributed in a 3-DVD set produced by Videos RTP entitled .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
13
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
719
Nicholas Gruner
As related in a televised documentary production that aired in Portugal in 2017, several victims of slander and defamation sued Gruner and his cohorts in the Portuguese courts in 2001. The defendants who refused to appear in court were subsequently tried "in absentia" and found guilty in 2005, of misrepresentation of the Fatima Seer's true opinions and therefore having attacked and defamed various persons who truthfully had disclosed her views.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712452
19,712,452
14
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
720
Mircea Stan
Mircea Valerică Stan (born 3 August 1977) is a former <a href="Romania">Romania</a>n <a href="Association%20football">footballer</a> who played as a right back. His son, <a href="Antonio%20Stan">Antonio Stan</a>, is also a footballer.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712469
19,712,469
0
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
721
Mircea Stan
<a href="Stadionul%20Mircea%20Stan">Stadionul Mircea Stan</a> in <a href="Colone%C8%99ti%2C%20Olt">Colonești, Olt</a> is named after him.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712469
19,712,469
1
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
722
Hartley Mauditt
Hartley Mauditt is an <a href="abandoned%20village">abandoned village</a> in the <a href="East%20Hampshire">East Hampshire</a> district of <a href="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>, England. It is south of the village of <a href="East%20Worldham%2C%20Hampshire">East Worldham</a>, and southeast of <a href="Alton%2C%20Hampshire">Alton</a>, just east of the B3006 road. It is in the <a href="civil%20parish">civil parish</a> of <a href="Worldham">Worldham</a>. The nearest railway station is northwest of the village, at <a href="Alton%20railway%20station">Alton</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712481
19,712,481
0
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
723
Hartley Mauditt
The settlement appears to have been uninhabited since the 18th century, save for a couple of scattered cottages. Dating from the 12th century, <a href="St%20Leonard%27s%20Church%2C%20Hartley%20Mauditt">St Leonard's church</a> stands as the only remaining building of the former village.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712481
19,712,481
1
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
724
Hartley Mauditt
The medieval village was larger than present housing which now consists of the <a href="parish%20church">parish church</a> of <a href="St%20Leonard%27s%20Church%2C%20Hartley%20Mauditt">St Leonard</a> and a few houses to the north of the church. These include a 17th-century thatched cottage, a rectory, and a house which was the village school on the parish boundary adjoining <a href="West%20Worldham">West Worldham</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712481
19,712,481
2
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
725
Hartley Mauditt
Hartley Mauditt was first documented in the <a href="Domesday%20Book">Domesday Book</a> as "Herlege" (meaning hartland or woodland); "Hartley" signifies a pasture for deer. The <a href="Manorialism">manor</a> had been granted to William de Maldoit (by corruption rendered Mauditt) by <a href="William%20the%20Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a>. Later, it was in the possession of <a href="John%20of%20Gaunt">John of Gaunt</a>, the Duchy of Lancaster, <a href="the%20Crown">the Crown</a>, and then in 1603 to <a href="Nicholas%20Steward%20%28MP%20for%20Cambridge%20University%29">Nicholas Steward</a> (1547-1633).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712481
19,712,481
3
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
726
Hartley Mauditt
In 1790, the <a href="Stuart%20Baronets">4th Baronet of Hartley Mauditt, Sir Simeon Henry Stuart</a>, sold the manor to <a href="Henry%20Bilson-Legge">Henry Bilson-Legge</a>. Bilson-Lagge's son <a href="Henry%20Bilson-Legge%2C%202nd%20Baron%20Stawell">son</a> pulled down the manor house in 1798, presumably because it was in a poor state and would have been expensive to re-furbish. After the demolition of the manor house, the village declined. Today, the church is one of the few remaining buildings.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712481
19,712,481
4
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
727
Hartley Mauditt
<a href="St%20Leonard%27s%20Church%2C%20Hartley%20Mauditt">St Leonard's church</a> is a remaining building from the pre-18th century village. It is on the West side of a lake, as seen in the picture.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712481
19,712,481
5
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728
Fort Amiel Museum
Fort Amiel Museum is in <a href="Newcastle%2C%20KwaZulu-Natal">Newcastle</a>, <a href="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a>, <a href="South%20Africa">South Africa</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712492
19,712,492
0
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
729
Fort Amiel Museum
Fort Amiel was constructed in 1876 by Major Charles Frederick Amiel and soldiers of the <a href="80th%20Regiment%20of%20Foot%20%28Staffordshire%20Volunteers%29">80th Staffordshire Volunteers</a>. It was built as a fort and "look-out post", for the British during the run up to the annexation of the former Transvaal and the <a href="Anglo-Zulu%20War">Zulu War</a>, although it really never served that purpose.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712492
19,712,492
1
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
730
Fort Amiel Museum
During the <a href="First%20Boer%20War">First Boer War</a> it was used as a garrison for the <a href="King%27s%20Own%20Royal%20Regiment%20%28Lancaster%29">King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712492
19,712,492
2
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
731
Fort Amiel Museum
Fort Amiel served as a commissariat depot, transit camp and hospital. Many wounded soldiers were taken there, to recover from their wounds. The fort is positioned on a knoll overlooking the original wagon drift across the <a href="Ncandu%20River">Ncandu River</a>. It has views of the <a href="Drakensberg">Drakensberg</a> mountain range and the town of Newcastle.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712492
19,712,492
3
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
732
Fort Amiel Museum
Major Charles Frederick Amiel was born on 2 August 1822, in <a href="Hanover%20Square%2C%20London">Hanover Square, London</a>, England. He was christened on 2 August 1822 in St Peter, Chertsey, <a href="Surrey">Surrey, England</a>. Major Amiel died on 10 September 1885 at London, England. He was buried at St Peter, Westminster, London. Amiel never married.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712492
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4
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
733
Fort Amiel Museum
The fort and surroundings, including a graveyard below the knoll fell into disuse for many years. In 1979 the site was declared a <a href="National%20heritage%20sites%20%28South%20Africa%29">National Monument</a> and restoration work began after the discovery of the original plans for the fort during this period in a London Museum. The restoration work was undertaken by the visionary Newcastle Town Council and in conjunction with the Natal Museum Services.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712492
19,712,492
5
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
734
Fort Amiel Museum
Today, Fort Amiel houses an historic/cultural museum, featuring military displays of the two Anglo-Boer Wars. There is a wonderful cookhouse re-construction, showing a typical British Army Base found in the 1880s.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712492
19,712,492
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
735
Fort Amiel Museum
An addition to the fort and museum is a Zulu <a href="Homestead%20%28small%20African%20settlement%29">umuzi</a> (hut) with a detailed interior.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712492
19,712,492
7
{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
736
High-altitude platform station
A high-altitude platform station (HAPS, which can also mean high-altitude pseudo-satellite or high-altitude platform systems), also known as atmospheric satellite, is a long <a href="endurance%20%28aeronautics%29">endurance</a>, high altitude <a href="aircraft">aircraft</a> able to offer observation or communication services similarly to <a href="artificial%20satellite">artificial satellite</a>s. Mostly <a href="unmanned%20aerial%20vehicle">unmanned aerial vehicle</a>s (UAVs), they remain aloft through atmospheric lift, either <a href="aerodynamic%20lift">aerodynamic</a> like <a href="airplane">airplane</a>s, or <a href="aerostat">aerostat</a>ic like <a href="airship">airship</a>s or <a href="balloon%20%28aeronautics%29">balloons</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
19,712,504
0
{ "caption": [ "A high altitude platform can provide observation or communication services." ], "image": [ { "src": "/static-proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdatasets-server.huggingface.co%2Fcached-assets%2Fnicolafan%2Fwikifragments%2F--%2Fad85194a5ed68941164eaf501e9bca6a112297da%2F--%2Fdefault%2Ftrain%2F736%2Fimages%2Fimage-1863037c.jpg%3FExpires%3D1765559830%26amp%3BSignature%3Dwwl5xgBYZIUiURLVJ1Os~zupBmgYP87GtQCNkQq-RDPCu97yMNf042draQeI6skz1y7BJJ8dPgP48gay~oyZChaW-XVXGTgKOio9w5TGOk5neslEUrhUYh-L7ieS7yplCeBtFZySUUhOz2kAMXHnB-~2M5zKd9rleSUusM4l9XHfAPQhpf1CVORcWhytTdcaldIVOcBdsOyVc8huA9MrdSbr4RqFxb7UjYRbvyTTwHirqCTYYRrvSirnNFinFzgGPmhRk~j-4P1x0kb8MHFJqQA8CZxIqI9PQcH7pquTYhYTuScso7o5Cb-RcMexBEgSPoY3Z~wxlgsYXlIZQu1fWw__%26amp%3BKey-Pair-Id%3DK3EI6M078Z3AC3", "height": 146, "width": 220 } ], "type": [ "thumb" ], "url": [ "File%3ACompass%20Cope%20system%20concept.png" ] }
737
High-altitude platform station
High-altitude long endurance (HALE) <a href="military%20drone">military drone</a>s can fly above 60,000 ft (18,000 m) over 32 hours, while civil HAPS are <a href="radio%20station">radio station</a>s at an altitude of 20 to 50 km above waypoints, for weeks.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
738
High-altitude platform station
High-altitude, long endurance flight has been studied since at least 1983, and demonstrator programs since 1994.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
739
High-altitude platform station
<a href="hydrogen%20aircraft">Hydrogen</a> and <a href="solar%20power">solar power</a> have been proposed as alternatives to conventional engines.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
740
High-altitude platform station
Above commercial air transport and wind turbulence, at high altitudes, drag as well as lift are reduced.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
741
High-altitude platform station
HAPS could be used for <a href="weather">weather</a> monitoring, as a <a href="radio%20relay">radio relay</a>, for <a href="oceanography">oceanography</a> or <a href="earth%20imaging">earth imaging</a>, for <a href="border%20security">border security</a>, <a href="maritime%20patrol">maritime patrol</a> and anti-<a href="piracy">piracy</a> operations, <a href="disaster%20response">disaster response</a>, or <a href="Precision%20agriculture">agricultural observation</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
742
High-altitude platform station
While <a href="reconnaissance%20aircraft">reconnaissance aircraft</a> have been capable of reaching high altitudes since the 1950s, their endurance is limited.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
743
High-altitude platform station
One of the few operational HALE aircraft is the <a href="Northrop%20Grumman%20RQ-4%20Global%20Hawk">Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
744
High-altitude platform station
There are many solar powered, lightweight prototypes like the <a href="NASA%20Pathfinder">NASA Pathfinder</a>/<a href="NASA%20Helios">Helios</a>, or the <a href="Airbus%20Zephyr">Airbus Zephyr</a> that can fly for 64 days; few are as advanced as these.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
745
High-altitude platform station
Conventional <a href="aviation%20fuel">aviation fuel</a>s have been used in prototypes since 1970 and can fly for 60 hours like the <a href="Boeing%20Condor">Boeing Condor</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
746
High-altitude platform station
<a href="Hydrogen%20aircraft">Hydrogen aircraft</a> can fly even longer, a week or longer, like the <a href="AeroVironment%20Global%20Observer">AeroVironment Global Observer</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
747
High-altitude platform station
Stratospheric airships are often presented as a competing technology. However few prototypes have been built and none are operational.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
748
High-altitude platform station
Among balloons specifically, the most well known high-endurance project was <a href="Loon%20LLC">Google Loon</a>, using helium-filled high-altitude balloons to reach the stratosphere. Loon was ended in 2021.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
749
High-altitude platform station
In 1983, <a href="Lockheed%20Corporation">Lockheed</a> produced "A Preliminary Study of <a href="solar%20powered%20aircraft">solar powered aircraft</a> and Associated Power Trains" for the <a href="NASA">NASA</a>, as long endurance flight could be compared to <a href="suborbital">suborbital</a> spacecraft. In 1984 was published the "Design of Long Endurance Unmanned Airplanes Incorporating Solar and <a href="fuel%20cell">fuel cell</a> propulsion" report. In 1989, the "Design and experimental results for a high-altitude, long-endurance airfoil" report proposed applications as a <a href="radio%20relay">radio relay</a>, for <a href="weather">weather</a> monitoring or cruise <a href="missile%20guidance">missile targeting</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
750
High-altitude platform station
The <a href="NASA%20ERAST%20Program">NASA ERAST Program</a> (Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology) was started in September 1994 to study high-altitude UAVs, and was terminated in 2003.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
751
High-altitude platform station
In July 1996, the USAF "Strikestar 2025" report forecast HALE UAVs maintaining air occupation with 24 hours flights.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
752
High-altitude platform station
The <a href="Defense%20Airborne%20Reconnaissance%20Office">Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office</a> made demonstrations of long-endurance UAV craft.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
753
High-altitude platform station
In September 1996, <a href="Israel%20Aircraft%20Industries">Israel Aircraft Industries</a> detailed the design of a HALE UAV.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
754
High-altitude platform station
In 2002, "Preliminary reliability design of a solar-powered high-altitude very long endurance unmanned air vehicle" was published.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
755
High-altitude platform station
The European Union <a href="CAPECON">CAPECON</a> project aimed to develop HALE vehicles, while the <a href="Polish%20Academy%20of%20Sciences">Polish Academy of Sciences</a> proposed its PW-114 concept that would fly at for 40 hours.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
756
High-altitude platform station
<a href="Luminati%20Aerospace">Luminati Aerospace</a> proposed its Substrata solar-powered aircraft that would <a href="formation%20flight">fly in formation</a> like migratory <a href="geese">geese</a> to reduce the power required for the trailing aircraft by 79%, allowing smaller <a href="airframe">airframe</a>s to remain aloft indefinitely up to a latitude of 50°.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
757
High-altitude platform station
Atmospheric satellites could be used for <a href="weather">weather</a> monitoring, as a <a href="radio%20relay">radio relay</a>, for <a href="oceanography">oceanography</a> or <a href="earth%20imaging">earth imaging</a> like an orbital <a href="satellite">satellite</a> for a fraction of the cost. Other uses include <a href="border%20security">border security</a>, <a href="maritime%20patrol">maritime patrol</a> and anti-<a href="piracy">piracy</a> operations, <a href="disaster%20response">disaster response</a>, or <a href="Precision%20agriculture">agricultural observation</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [ "Wind profile variation with altitude from NASA, showing minimum wind speeds between . Although absolute values will vary, the trends shown are similar for most locations." ], "image": [ { "src": "/static-proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdatasets-server.huggingface.co%2Fcached-assets%2Fnicolafan%2Fwikifragments%2F--%2Fad85194a5ed68941164eaf501e9bca6a112297da%2F--%2Fdefault%2Ftrain%2F757%2Fimages%2Fimage-1863037c.jpg%3FExpires%3D1765559830%26amp%3BSignature%3D0ZXnQ8DOfkR-qdIwukz6N~~cnOILlLM~yOKlMQ1h8i6xyYtzwP8hvuGuUY9DFD2R0oJwsbBC9wmrZQi0399dNFdqPNqoz~YFp~ysw74dWc-vdBgo4o7FgOJ3CKlVZSGzkp0b6Q41y5YAN5dIgA-YfYzcvs~k0QvLH84HuvONdxl6p9jZ9oXTLZlhHE4Jls5U0Pc1HcYVrUTyOdAObVQhjDpPmLySOmXRHB2ErwpKCK49nKL5QrZh2dnIzu6t88~zhBbRwEvoY4mUhbW3ywxes2MVlEo6rmB5XcSL65ItCWvu2jXVl7TtIUJVGdB6sGgUu8N5WCXrKvyK1Ip3H5fV3g__%26amp%3BKey-Pair-Id%3DK3EI6M078Z3AC3", "height": 333, "width": 220 } ], "type": [ "thumb" ], "url": [ "File%3ANasa%20wind%20vs%20alt%20curves.JPG" ] }
758
High-altitude platform station
They could bring <a href="internet%20connectivity">internet connectivity</a> to the 5 billion people lacking it, either with 11,000 airplane UAVs or with balloons like Google's <a href="Project%20Loon">Project Loon</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
759
High-altitude platform station
<a href="Reconnaissance%20aircraft">Reconnaissance aircraft</a> like the late 1950s <a href="Lockheed%20U-2">Lockheed U-2</a> could fly above and the 1964 <a href="SR-71">SR-71</a> above .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
760
High-altitude platform station
The twin-turbofan powered <a href="Myasishchev%20M-55">Myasishchev M-55</a> reached an altitude of 21,360 m (70,080 ft) in 1993, a variant of the M-17 first flown in 1982, which reached 21,830 m (71,620 ft) in 1990.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
761
High-altitude platform station
The Kea Atmos Mk1 solar-powered stratospheric HAPS was designed and manufactured by <a href="Kea%20Aerospace">Kea Aerospace</a> in New Zealand. The maiden test flight was in February 2023 and the first stratospheric flight was on February 8, 2025. It has a wingspan of 12.5 meters and weighs less than 40 kg. The Kea Atmos Mk1 is designed to take 2 kg payloads to the stratosphere on dawn to dusk single day missions and is working with a range of international payload customers. Kea Aerospace is currently designing the Kea Atmos Mk2 to take 6 kg of payload to the stratosphere on multi-month length missions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [ "Capable of flying up to 60,000 ft (18,300 m) more than 34 hours, the RQ-4 Global Hawk was put into USAF service in 2001.", "NASA Pathfinder Plus", "NASA Centurion", "The KARI EAV-3 flew during 53 hours and up to ." ], "image": [ { "src": "/static-proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdatasets-server.huggingface.co%2Fcached-assets%2Fnicolafan%2Fwikifragments%2F--%2Fad85194a5ed68941164eaf501e9bca6a112297da%2F--%2Fdefault%2Ftrain%2F761%2Fimages%2Fimage-1863037c.jpg%3FExpires%3D1765559830%26amp%3BSignature%3DTWEsFzLPrx2hgNpauAvhItbg7F3H5wLdFgNpAJp3tT-Mh2JnK8O4oDq6erGDaBBJna0ZnMvgQSLfYjRNLKNlrXb11nvcbJpONlB5A3pyBQk3VCx0EGDG2Ec6nu0dCsZeO5tJmCVHeLA1FltpAAJAbYr7JWicgsufxuqGynC3r1d5C38NujKREzunKaawaaqj8kSHjsiaOmqXKznnM25icLmgy~tnvB2favKoUg5rt57tBX-PJO0ud8Z16zkqn24Urex4h9-6xx6nkg7VN8OdZsSJCCYCos7paKxxN23ColR9mc51P7sksXRbEztc0Zi0JWbATJWYE~5oSjS9WhGoxA__%26amp%3BKey-Pair-Id%3DK3EI6M078Z3AC3", "height": 197, "width": 300 }, { "src": "/static-proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdatasets-server.huggingface.co%2Fcached-assets%2Fnicolafan%2Fwikifragments%2F--%2Fad85194a5ed68941164eaf501e9bca6a112297da%2F--%2Fdefault%2Ftrain%2F761%2Fimages%2Fimage-1865037d.jpg%3FExpires%3D1765559830%26amp%3BSignature%3DB38mShgtCFzpoYjBsNCmlH~QrJJLyKs89uQ~GEbudt7iDklvwr-BZd9XFT8Ya2nxgkf2tG2iE2-JhORCG-ZSU-wNZEACed9gwfOIOQJsLG62lZoHNzrsRqoXn6t-bH2gAdC9nA1UDbX1vIL57T36DtKZituaon~azbiD~TmR1Gq5FCHWQ5I6sonWzyKkp74a5OQQYAvDSja9e6NeqUssyONVaIHd-QQG6BPbphW~6lwnKL7pCk0mi~ApV060DIFCuA51lbNU0cS6jq4UQ9WOpafcDONnC2H3PnjyXppVtneHgeYcJUkeyMFYuZZCWEjYpNUoouxxK1ZkgBd0GOcmDA__%26amp%3BKey-Pair-Id%3DK3EI6M078Z3AC3", "height": 221, "width": 340 }, { "src": "/static-proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdatasets-server.huggingface.co%2Fcached-assets%2Fnicolafan%2Fwikifragments%2F--%2Fad85194a5ed68941164eaf501e9bca6a112297da%2F--%2Fdefault%2Ftrain%2F761%2Fimages%2Fimage-1867037e.jpg%3FExpires%3D1765559830%26amp%3BSignature%3DHPjxX3U-puy2eb30w-z0xVsGiKq1~R8W7hXRtARSQ0ykv1ffmWzjNyWcJ6TSpc9ZVAl7PFugrEzMCuWgKtbfJnAelQiZId42kUMfAeFS9GBxldA6Mgz3Htw8NXJWJaD74Yk-QTjC~FQwxtXetqvKsUzMUxPcBbk3S9TdgBpGRvRA~rme9EEZmrAbXUVOy6iu~Im7SqqhxUh6oi66tJuNFFk6eMYWPVz~jiFBLl99Gj~cKLkmC7NCyZpVmRNFO~7GxPPD6jhVGigenec6kZNY9Gl3Tfyo5BSTKtAMAPyxhkWYmP6JAOSuYIBUuMKaR08P1kSb7ESuRrC-~GntD5IP2w__%26amp%3BKey-Pair-Id%3DK3EI6M078Z3AC3", "height": 232, "width": 300 }, { "src": "/static-proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdatasets-server.huggingface.co%2Fcached-assets%2Fnicolafan%2Fwikifragments%2F--%2Fad85194a5ed68941164eaf501e9bca6a112297da%2F--%2Fdefault%2Ftrain%2F761%2Fimages%2Fimage-1869037f.jpg%3FExpires%3D1765559830%26amp%3BSignature%3DR7YFWtO0xIS4gxifM1AfHhGydqxliWbMXuZQhy5-7DvFUpYrGgnzqqb-TSX4OU44OCnZUe7phJyem0AkSZqLns4ip98c1BkrMgFLjIqw1dEt3Z3wD175oJ42Sj0bjpTlUwlubdRxzu-6lrJn-LomQzRHCVJrM-CTfzJLlA-60rBmGLnAtMyuw-6pt9I-e9vJTQrvNS0-sKjyFQLqCrdiqCDbFcHp~W47BBRvY9gFLKZx9oDhLIBcnZkmMhz6UXf44GCf1dkexW7AH898RKqcQQLXaj9GL-UGGipIBNuj6pgJFx2kfU--kuFllnQGKOnVif2s6hcD-T-5WqoDaeNF1A__%26amp%3BKey-Pair-Id%3DK3EI6M078Z3AC3", "height": 143, "width": 220 } ], "type": [ "thumb", "thumb", "thumb", "thumb" ], "url": [ "File%3A940th%20Wing%20-%20Northrop%20Grumman%20RQ-4B%20Block%2020%20Global%20Hawk%2004-2015.jpg", "File%3APathfinder%20Plus%20solar%20aircraft%20over%20Hawaii.jpg", "File%3ACenturion-EC98-44822-5.jpg", "File%3A%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%99%EB%A0%A5%EB%AC%B4%EC%9D%B8%EA%B8%B0%28EAV-3%29%20%EB%B9%84%ED%96%89%20%28196%29.jpeg" ] }
762
High-altitude platform station
By December 2024, it had flown for 24h and reached more than from <a href="Spaceport%20America">Spaceport America</a> in New Mexico, targeting operational activity by 2026.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [ "The Ryan YQM-98 R-Tern of the Compass Cope program first flew on 17 August 1974 and was designed to fly up to 70,000 ft (21,340 m) and during 30 hours" ], "image": [ { "src": "/static-proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdatasets-server.huggingface.co%2Fcached-assets%2Fnicolafan%2Fwikifragments%2F--%2Fad85194a5ed68941164eaf501e9bca6a112297da%2F--%2Fdefault%2Ftrain%2F762%2Fimages%2Fimage-1863037c.jpg%3FExpires%3D1765559830%26amp%3BSignature%3DUgImLbNc5FQvL9c4u~tyAShBkcAOnOhSj-jNmyEqBZARNJkishRpykbCcvoBIayP5bXzeF~vENXUEgkyD388PVYdBasWoLsr7YhQ2So80BC9H01yHk3THT~uUUjkR9RQtF~jmGahIRi8-bPdhMxulWwHqA6e3MRv8DklBjWlTvm7CnAUhtC9acg4teY4JRK~TtDwjOyQZHs6jzKqAB-jbnwnZnbNRnwH-ziDvo3U1gbI2qJkn4WFZiXzdrrB2I3onqY7aeGlaQBTEx-yZ2lN5Sp75DIkQGPc3ZbMHgc5~igGypYEBHa9Vdzf3l9bes2DD5s7j~J~~Co~1GIz~bMjew__%26amp%3BKey-Pair-Id%3DK3EI6M078Z3AC3", "height": 235, "width": 300 } ], "type": [ "thumb" ], "url": [ "File%3ARyan%20YQM-98A%2072-01872%20from%20below.jpg" ] }
763
High-altitude platform station
Unmanned stratospheric airships are designed to operate at very high 60,000 to 75,000 feet (18.3 to 22.9 km) altitudes during weeks, months or years.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [ "The piston-powered General Atomics Altus II first flew on May 1, 1996, and reached", "The hydrogen-powered Boeing Phantom Eye should have reached 65,000 ft (19,800 m) during four days.", "USAF Integrated Sensor Is Structure project" ], "image": [ { "src": "/static-proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdatasets-server.huggingface.co%2Fcached-assets%2Fnicolafan%2Fwikifragments%2F--%2Fad85194a5ed68941164eaf501e9bca6a112297da%2F--%2Fdefault%2Ftrain%2F763%2Fimages%2Fimage-1863037c.jpg%3FExpires%3D1765559830%26amp%3BSignature%3Djfu-qZH6uPhHNyM12R5sHcwunbfQGyWUG2z7Tl6qOgMF91TEkCCLb2ZybYGKXcgQYULwmYpsKPyGrKFaNl2gQl-5sWUQF0AVilUcSd08ZtEEvIoArNG20hDoDgCE68D3bz9egFwD-YCDSoPb5xzEcZYOYlvslvTF1LCfnkT7HhTEUdLoTTw3VLFgl1gp1JNWZXTsUgcz2O~7FJpLdcFNm1~PN2cmxaYZ0I-okAB-Z6nY9vLY7GdM19BDh4UZH6W59hoKd4VVxX2UOPwPJhDzYHYcRy5bzg75ynDM6mhWKNvjTJiBUP~xRosHO9-94r5DMLv98EyJQLFCZzi6l90dKQ__%26amp%3BKey-Pair-Id%3DK3EI6M078Z3AC3", "height": 177, "width": 220 }, { "src": "/static-proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdatasets-server.huggingface.co%2Fcached-assets%2Fnicolafan%2Fwikifragments%2F--%2Fad85194a5ed68941164eaf501e9bca6a112297da%2F--%2Fdefault%2Ftrain%2F763%2Fimages%2Fimage-1865037d.jpg%3FExpires%3D1765559830%26amp%3BSignature%3DLYTLD8cCgcV~CD1Q-nSpSzHXUoNyDrAop-FPaOOCbTWr8MvqAzS-Gi46Fu852HGatPOETFsoQbZS5vjYzE1slGPYB74xWK8IrkgGhBk~dXd1kc25CLa6AbQprO~52M8uMb1bf3M3Hp1gi~Ueblfv9Qp-WbbAmw7e7UcBELeYRMIQlQQR1TLxwxojGK7lt0HaaE-W0gyALA5~2mw6VvuzZQ9SgyaTYN3l5TTg2dUCU1cxmAqkcsQ9jFVbGtz355Suo7FA1tRdfRjgkHt2GEq-e16~HGl-zsQtOjyslhm16g1MMLLq7W2KlG~Q1sl4K6WjUpkWB2GtgiBqZGWPZXidMA__%26amp%3BKey-Pair-Id%3DK3EI6M078Z3AC3", "height": 201, "width": 300 }, { "src": "/static-proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdatasets-server.huggingface.co%2Fcached-assets%2Fnicolafan%2Fwikifragments%2F--%2Fad85194a5ed68941164eaf501e9bca6a112297da%2F--%2Fdefault%2Ftrain%2F763%2Fimages%2Fimage-1867037e.jpg%3FExpires%3D1765559830%26amp%3BSignature%3DZjwqUEEi1zQEpdUyGo29D46LzUpBgWnTrtSqPew5s-m-f~7v88~R7p5CCbgw4vGrzJMXbZPBHIZKALARlyB1DAB8ft0Zr1QT1BAokj9f6ex1UGWxLbvAu86qS~PPuiBIPrxSs0o~gAz1f57jTmHnxbjiKPrGSL2WyRkNyIXAFee9bH-7J7o69MV1KMOPTDm~aDkHaKrBLTp6YXOVxWjOJ3yihtNch6878des91viiSMTmpAcBytNyz-McBx47q4qSu1ftb5cTdwr90uJmQi7hq~BKgJs8mmFiGxGEHDNf16PBXytiasIKcasB5dj2DX4ra9RFcyVFuTZldMoBSlptg__%26amp%3BKey-Pair-Id%3DK3EI6M078Z3AC3", "height": 121, "width": 220 } ], "type": [ "thumb", "thumb", "thumb" ], "url": [ "File%3AALTUS%20UAV%20takes%20off%20from%20Rogers%20Dry%20Lake%20%28EC97-44175-14%29.jpg", "File%3ABoeing%27s%20Phantom%20Eye%20lift%20off.jpg", "File%3AIntegrated%20Sensor%20is%20Structure%201.jpg" ] }
764
High-altitude platform station
Subjected to <a href="UV%20degradation">ultraviolet damage</a>, <a href="ozone">ozone</a> corrosion and challenging station keeping, they can be solar-powered with <a href="energy%20storage">energy storage</a> for the night.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
765
High-altitude platform station
The first stratospheric powered airship flight took place in 1969, reaching for 2 hours with a payload.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
766
High-altitude platform station
By August 2002, US company <a href="Worldwide%20Aeros">Worldwide Aeros</a> was building a stratospheric demonstrator for the <a href="Korea%20Aerospace%20Research%20Institute">Korea Aerospace Research Institute</a>, as a part the South Korean HAA development program.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
767
High-altitude platform station
In May 2004, the <a href="Japan%20Aerospace%20Exploration%20Agency">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency</a> shown its test airship in <a href="Taiki%2C%20Hokkaido">Taiki, Hokkaido</a>, a part of its Stratosphere Platform Project.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
768
High-altitude platform station
A geostationary balloon satellite (GBS) flies in the <a href="stratosphere">stratosphere</a> ( above sea level) at a fixed point over the Earth's surface. At that altitude the air has 1/10 of its <a href="air%20density">density</a> is at <a href="sea%20level">sea level</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
769
High-altitude platform station
A GBS could be used to provide <a href="broadband%20Internet%20access">broadband Internet access</a> over a large area.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
770
High-altitude platform station
One prior project was the <a href="Google">Google</a>'s <a href="Project%20Loon">Project Loon</a>, which envisioned using helium-filled <a href="high-altitude%20balloon">high-altitude balloon</a>s.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712504
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
771
Paul Masefield
Masefield started his career in the youth ranks alongside <a href="Alan%20Shearer">Alan Shearer</a> at <a href="Southampton%20F.C.">Southampton</a>. However, he signed his first professional contract with <a href="Birmingham%20City%20F.C.">Birmingham City</a> and in spite of being with the club for four years (including a year with the first team), he never made a first team appearance. After brief spells with <a href="Cheltenham%20Town%20F.C.">Cheltenham Town</a> and <a href="Exeter%20City%20F.C.">Exeter City</a> (on a non-contract basis), he then moved to <a href="Stockport%20County%20F.C.">Stockport County</a> and <a href="Doncaster%20Rovers%20F.C.">Doncaster Rovers</a>, for whom he played seven and nine matches respectively. He then played six games for <a href="Preston%20North%20End%20F.C.">Preston North End</a> alongside future <a href="Everton%20F.C.">Everton</a> manager <a href="David%20Moyes">David Moyes</a>. He had brief spells at <a href="Bromsgrove%20Rovers%20F.C.">Bromsgrove Rovers</a> and <a href="Limerick%20F.C.">Limerick</a>, with whom he was player-coach between September and November 1994.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712508
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
772
Paul Masefield
He then moved to Hong Kong, where he played for the <a href="Sing%20Tao%20%28football%29">Sing Tao Sports Club</a>, as well as for a Hong Kong league All-Star team and although he never represented the official <a href="Hong%20Kong%20national%20football%20team">Hong Kong national side</a>, he did take on the likes of <a href="U.C.%20Sampdoria">Sampdoria</a>, <a href="Inter%20Milan">Inter Milan</a> and the <a href="Yugoslavia%20national%20football%20team">Yugoslavian national side</a> in unofficial matches. He finished off his career by playing professional football in Singapore with clubs such as <a href="Jurong%20F.C.">Jurong</a>, <a href="Balestier%20Khalsa%20FC">Balestier Khalsa</a> and <a href="Tanjong%20Pagar%20United%20FC">Tanjong Pagar United</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712508
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
773
Paul Masefield
Masefield owns a company, Little League Malaysia that runs a coaching school for children, which attracts as many as 3000 subjects per year. He has coached <a href="Singapore%20Cricket%20Club">Singapore Cricket Club</a> in the <a href="List%20of%20football%20clubs%20in%20Singapore%23NFL%20Division%201">second tier of Singaporean football</a>, and is also a pundit on the <a href="ESPN%20Star%20Sports">ESPN Star Sports</a> coverage of the English <a href="Premier%20League">Premier League</a>. He also features in <a href="Indian%20Super%20League">Indian Super League</a> <a href="Star%20Sports%20%28Indian%20TV%20network%29">Star Sports</a> post coverage.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712508
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
774
Paul Masefield
Masefield provided host broadcast commentary for the <a href="2019%20AFC%20Asian%20Cup">2019 AFC Asian Cup</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712508
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
775
Paul Masefield
Masefield currently working as an anchor in a show "Football United" for Indian Super League and a commentator in Indian Super League for season 2023–24 & Kalinga Super Cup 2024.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712508
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
776
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The third generation Pontiac Firebird was introduced in late 1981 by <a href="Pontiac%20%28automobile%29">Pontiac</a> alongside its corporate cousin, the <a href="Chevrolet%20Camaro%20%28third%20generation%29">Chevrolet Camaro</a> for the 1982 model year. These were also the first Firebirds with factory fuel injection, four-speed <a href="automatic%20transmission">automatic transmission</a>s, five-speed manual transmissions, four-cylinder engines, 16-inch wheels, and <a href="hatchback">hatchback</a> bodies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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{ "caption": [ "1989 Firebird Formula WS6" ], "image": [ { "src": "/static-proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdatasets-server.huggingface.co%2Fcached-assets%2Fnicolafan%2Fwikifragments%2F--%2Fad85194a5ed68941164eaf501e9bca6a112297da%2F--%2Fdefault%2Ftrain%2F776%2Fimages%2Fimage-1863037c.jpg%3FExpires%3D1765559830%26amp%3BSignature%3DOf69h4XpkrBOtEew8OcAU3OximtAJqv6rojBoUe8zw-G2rUqmLJkuCPJr3qck4Qxx0GuZtjXB9J~kq1s7tLLZDtTP1cQXX~WCaQUxFeIQja7qg0QG2vnxjolR7EMRzxw~QJ~eVIwfzD9ruIKt42jHi8XlpoGP7BmYnUS1yo9aBJYLXjk1rNHM3VSXV6pZgVS8ewB8N0Wj2NC9iOsk7yPBoJ3jl-BqZ4B1eHxdQ7E2vPin3yTS0FLTqJE9TT8BrWuDhaHuK2d5El7vAElY4GD8yGwQ1rB~-hknU-06TOJ-~9xNizhForuv3427jHJ~PUQTrt2qAFdMxY1BermTbJEDQ__%26amp%3BKey-Pair-Id%3DK3EI6M078Z3AC3", "height": 157, "width": 280 } ], "type": [ "infobox" ], "url": [ "InfoboxHeader%3A89%20Firebird%20Formula%20WS6.png" ] }
777
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The third-generation Firebird consisted of three models: Firebird, Firebird S/E, and Firebird Trans Am. The Firebird was the base model, equivalent to the <a href="Chevrolet%20Camaro%20%28third%20generation%29">Camaro Sport Coupe</a>; the Firebird S/E was the luxury version; and the Trans Am, the high-performance version. For 1982, the new Firebird had been completely restyled, with the windshield slope set at a dramatic, more aerodynamic 62 degrees, (about 3 degrees less steep than anything GM had ever tried before), flush-mounted side glass, and for the first time, a large, glass-dominated rear <a href="hatchback">hatchback</a>. Electronically controlled retractable headlamps, and a rounded hoodline and front fenders were the primary characteristics that distinguished the Firebird from its Camaro sibling and its previous Firebird incarnations. The Firebird would retain hidden headlamps until the end of all production in 2002. Pontiac had also hoped to drop the "Trans Am" moniker from the redesigned cars to save royalties paid to the <a href="Sports%20Car%20Club%20of%20America">SCCA</a> for use of the name. Early promotional cars were marked "T/A" as an alternative, however it was decided that doing so might cause more problems than it was worth and the "Trans Am" nameplate remained. Still, with its dimensions reduced, wheelbase shortened, and weight reduced, the third-generation Firebird was also the closest yet in size to the original 1967 model. It won "Best Sports GT" category in the $11,000 to $14,000 range (also along with the Camaro). Road & Track called the fuel-injected Trans Am "a dramatic improvement on its predecessors," accelerating from 0–60 in 9.2 seconds.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
778
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The new Firebird shrank to a 101-inch wheelbase, losing more than 8 inches in overall length, measured about an inch narrower, and weighed nearly less than its 1981 predecessor. It also was the most aerodynamic production Firebird to date with a drag coefficient of 0.33. The new Trans Am took things a bit further, with a coefficient of .32. The Trans Am body would continue to improve aerodynamically over the years, and by 1985 would be the most aerodynamic vehicle to ever be released from General Motors with a 0.29 coefficient of drag. Wind tunnels were used to form the third-generation F-Body's shape, and these aerodynamic developments were fully taken advantage of by Pontiac's design team. The sleek new car had a low slung front end which featured split grilles. They fed some air to the radiator but most of the air came from an air dam underneath the front bumper. Every piece of the car was designed to reduce drag. The newly designed side view mirror housings, made of light alloy metal, were almost cone shaped, with the point facing the wind. The windshield wipers were hidden under the hood with the air intake for the climate control system. It made for a smooth flow of air over the windshield. The retractable headlamps popped up from the leading edge of the hood. Smooth wheelcovers were available on the Trans Am, attached to turbine finned alloy wheels. A frameless, flush-mounted, compound curved rear glass hatchback decklid provided . of cargo space with the rear seats folded, and an optional wiper. It provided no disturbance to the airflow over the back of the car. All of these features combined to provide a low coefficient of drag.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
779
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The front end of the vehicle featured power disc brakes and were now standard on all Firebird models. Taking styling cues from the 1981 design, the new car had full width tail lights, complete with a Firebird emblem in the center. The all-new suspension design was more advanced and aggressive than anything Detroit had offered previously, easily rivaling the Corvette's handling abilities, (but not its sophistication). The front suspension utilized MacPherson struts, with inboard mounted coil springs and lower front control arms. In the rear, coil springs and shocks were positioned between the body and solid rear axle, with twin rear lower control arms/trailing links and a torsion bar, replacing the old-fashioned leaf springs design used previously in the 2nd generation Firebird. A huge torque arm was mounted from the transmissions tailshaft to the rear axle center to further stabilize the axle's tendency to twist.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
780
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The interior now featured aircraft inspired details and gauges, using both fake and real Torx head screws that fastened the dash and console trim panels. A 3-spoke steering wheel was used and featured a clear plastic 3D Firebird logo button, mounted in the center of the horn pad, with optional leather grip. Many power options could be had. Special Viscount "PMD" bucket seats were optional, featuring a small opening in the headrest and a PMD logo in the center of the backrest. Leather seats were also available on both the standard seats and Viscount "PMD" seats. A standard locking rear glovebox was mounted on the rear driver's side of the cargo area and a mini spare tire was hidden behind the opposite panel on the passenger side. A lockable cargo door on the rear floor area and a retractable cargo area privacy shade were also available as options on all Firebirds. A Limited Edition Trans Am S/E Recaro Edition was also released and included Charcoal Parella cloth Recaro Seats, WS6, Black & Gold exterior, Turbo Hood, and a choice of either the LG4 305 w/ a T10 4 speed or TH200 automatic, or the LU5 Crossfire fuel-injected 305 w/ TH200 automatic, and a lengthy list of standard options.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
781
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The Firebird came standard with 14-inch steel wheels, with several wheel options available unique to the base model. 14-inch turbo cast aluminum wheels were standard on the S/E and Trans Am models and featured smooth plastic hubcaps with a Pontiac "Arrowhead" in the center. The WS6 performance package option, available on the S/E and Trans Am, included 4-wheel disc brakes, P215/65R15 Goodyear Eagle GT radials with 15-inch cast aluminum wheels, stiffer springs, thicker 32 mm front & 21 mm rear sway bars, a 12.7:1 quick-ratio steering box, and limited-slip rear differential. Also available was the WS7 option, which was the same as RPO WS6, but utilized rear drum brake. This option was created due to a shortage of rear disc brake components.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
782
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The Firebird S/E was Pontiac's attempt to lure buyers interested in more luxury features; it could be had with the basic fuel saving "Iron Duke" I-4 drivetrain, but offered many more Standard Features than a base Firebird, such as a rear wiper, locking gas door, locking rear cargo floor hatch, rear cargo privacy shade, power windows & locks, Deluxe Interior w/ Viscount bucket seats, Tilt Column, Cruise Control. Even the Trans Am's WS6 suspension was available on the S/E. It was delineated from the base Firebird model by "S/E" script on the sail panels, in place of the standard Firebird decals, and the Trans Am's dark tinted tail lights. The interior featured color-coded plastics & material to match the exterior/interior paint scheme. On S/E models equipped with the 14-inch or 15-inch "Turbocast" rims, "Bowling Ball" hubcaps were color-coded to match the car's exterior paint.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
783
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The Trans Am came standard with a new incarnation of its traditional "Air Extractors" on the fenders. A dark-tinted version of the base Firebird's tail lights were fitted to the rear of the car and also featured a Silver or Gold "Screaming Eagle" (Phoenix) between them. Rubber "Mini-Spats" (stone deflectors) were mounted just before the front and rear wheels, and were toned down from the 70's design used on the earlier second generation Trans Am. Styled loosely after the earlier '80/'81 Turbo Trans Am, an optional "Turbo Bulge" hood was available on the Trans Am. Plans had originally been made to use a refined version of Pontiac's 4.9 and Turbo 4.9L (301) engine. It was scrapped at the last minute, leaving many to speculate as to what could have been, had the engine been allowed to survive like its turbocharged companion, the Buick Turbo 3.8L <a href="V6">V6</a>. Despite this, the Turbo Bulge hood remained on the option list; on the V-8 RPO LU5 Crossfire 305 V-8, it was made functional, and even a lightweight aluminum version of this hood, "RPO T45", was available on the option list. The steel version of the hood would be used in later years as the centerpiece of the Formula option and in 1990, the remaining inventory of aluminum turbo hoods were sent to SLP for the '91-'92 Formula Firehawks.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
784
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
A new, smaller "Phoenix" was placed upon the Turbo Bulge hood or on the nose of flat hood equipped T/A's. The Trans Am came standard with one of the two 305 Chevy V8s. The well-worn Borg-Warner 4-speed manual transmission came mated only to the 145 bhp LG4 305ci, while the Crossfire-injected LU5 305ci rated at 165 hp came with the TH-200c automatic 3-speed transmission.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
785
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The new version of the Trans Am Pontiac's "RPO Y84" Black and Gold Trans Am S/E, made famous by <a href="Burt%20Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a> and <a href="Jackie%20Gleason">Jackie Gleason</a> in 1977's "<a href="Smokey%20and%20the%20Bandit">Smokey and the Bandit</a>", carried on into 1982 as the RPO Y82/Y84 Limited Edition Trans Am S/E Recaro Edition" aka "Recaro T/A". The package added about 25% to the price of a Trans Am. Standard with a host of options, some features included charcoal Parella cloth Recaro seats, t-tops, a black exterior with gold trim, and black "Bowling Ball" hubcaps with special Gold Pontiac Arrowhead emblems on its center, mounted on gold-painted 15-inch aluminum wheels.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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786
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
Another special Trans Am also returned: the 1982 Daytona 500 Pace Car Edition. These models are quite rare, and much is still unknown about how many were built or how they were optioned. All were bright red, with special NASCAR decals, similar to both the 1981 Daytona Pace Car and the 1983 Daytona Pace Car. 15-inch aero rims adorned with black bowling ball hubcaps and a WS6 suspension. All had a black interior; it is not known if they included black Recaro seats. As it was Pontiac's debut of the still-fresh third generation Trans Am, it is possible that they would have been optioned with many of Pontiac's best amenities; however few are known to still exist at this time. These cars are featured in 1982 Daytona 500 race footage and in various advertisements.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
787
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
A modified 1982 third generation black Firebird Trans Am was designed and cast for the <a href="NBC">NBC</a> made for television series "<a href="Knight%20Rider%20%281982%20TV%20series%29">Knight Rider</a>" (1982-1986) as the Knight Industries Two Thousand or "<a href="KITT">KITT</a>", and voiced by <a href="William%20Daniels">William Daniels</a>. It also served as an evil doppelganger called the Knight Automated Roving Robot or KARR, voiced by <a href="Peter%20Cullen">Peter Cullen</a>, and later by <a href="Paul%20Frees">Paul Frees</a>. For the reunion movie "<a href="Knight%20Rider%202000">Knight Rider 2000</a>", KITT underwent a makeover and became the "Knight Industries 4000," a vehicle resembling the <a href="Pontiac%20Banshee">Pontiac Banshee</a> concept car, but it was actually built using a <a href="Dodge%20Stealth">Dodge Stealth</a> and not a <a href="Pontiac%20Firebird%20Trans%20Am">Firebird Trans Am</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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{ "caption": [], "image": [], "type": [], "url": [] }
788
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
A red 1982 third generation Firebird Trans Am appeared as the main protagonist's car in <a href="Data%20East">Data East's</a> 1985 <a href="interactive%20movie">interactive movie</a> <a href="video%20game">video game</a> <a href="Road%20Blaster">Road Blaster</a>.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19712538
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Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The Firebird remained basically unchanged from the previous model year. All automatic transmission Firebirds now received a T-handle shifter knob, and the shift indicator changed for the Automatic Overdrive 700-R4. Midyear, the L69 high output 305 cubic inch engine was introduced. This carbureted 190 hp V8 was virtually identical to the L69 engine in the Camaro Z28, but used a different air cleaner assembly (instead of the Camaro's dual-snorkel air cleaner, the Trans Am received yet another functional cold air intake, designed to utilize the bulged hood).
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Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The S/E Firebirds now received the H/O (High Output) version of the 2.8-liter V6 engine RPO LL1 This model also received color changes from the 1982 model year; the WS6 special performance package continued to be available on the S/E.
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791
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The RPO "Y84" Recaro Edition Trans Am or "Recaro T/A", was revised for 1983. It was now built to the owner's tastes, including many more, or less options, and RPO "Y81" returned as the Recaro Edition Trans Am S/E without T-Tops. The LG4 was standard as was the WS6 package. The exterior remained virtually the same, except now the Firebird logo decals on the sail panels were replaced with gold-plated black and gold Firebird logo medallions. The interior now featured tan leather Recaro seats, carpeting, side panels, and the headliner.
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792
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
In its second year, the third-generation Trans Am was again selected as the <a href="Daytona%20500">Daytona 500</a> <a href="Pace%20Car">Pace Car</a>, and Pontiac offered a total of 2,500 Daytona Pace Car replicas through their dealerships. The exterior was painted with a two-tone white/charcoal paint scheme, "Official Pace Car" decals on the doors, "NASCAR" decals on the rear quarter panels, and "PONTIAC" decals on the front windshield and rear glass. Decorating the front fenders just above the "TRANS AM" script were "25th ANNIVERSARY DAYTONA 500" emblems. A new graphic adorned the power bulge of the pace car's hood, and these limited-edition cars were the first to feature a special RPO W62, full-body ground-effects package that extended around the entire car and molded plastic panels. "TRANS AM" script appeared on the right-hand panel, in place of the standard Firebird nose grilles. Two different set of wheels were offered: 1) 15-inch "AERO" wheels with White "Bowling Ball" hub caps, or 2) silver-finned wheels. The interior featured red gauge lighting, leather-clad steering wheel, shifter knob, and brake handle, a special dash plaque, "Daytona 500" floor-mats, and two-tone grey leather/suede Recaro seats. 1,980 of these pace cars came with the LU5 Crossfire-injected 305 mated to the new 700R4 4-speed overdrive automatic transmission; while 520 of them had the carbureted LG4 305 mated to the T-5 Borg-Warner 5-speed manual.
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793
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
This year also saw the introduction of a two-seat, factory-backed aftermarket-built convertible roadster known as the Trans Am Auto Form Roadster. These cars were built by Auto Form Sales Corporation of Elkhart, Indiana, and involved the removal of the roof and rear hatch and replacing it with a custom rear tonneau cover deck with twin-hump styling which covered the rear seating area. The deck was rear-hinged to open for stowage of the soft-top roof and had a separately-opening section for access to the luggage compartment. Reinforcement was also added to aid in body rigidity after the removal of the roof. A total of 50 examples were produced through to 1986.
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794
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
Total production for Firebird models increased to 128,304 units, making this the best-selling year of the third-generation Firebird.
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795
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The Firebird's interior options and design remained virtually unchanged for 1984, the only exceptions being a slightly revised dashpad, with screwed-in speaker grilles, an optional driver's knee pad bolster on the left side of the center console for manual cars, the T-tops were also redesigned to use a pin-mounting arrangement, rather than the earlier latch-based setup, and a new 1-piece horncap embossed with the Firebird logo replaced the earlier medallion version. Base model Firebird production increased to 62,621 units.
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796
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The Trans Am's basic layout was very similar to the earlier 1983 Trans Am, except they were now available with the optional RPO W62 ground effects package, previously used on the 1983 Daytona Pace Car Edition. Another new for 1984 option was the "High-Tech" 15-inch, 20-slot, concave aluminum wheels, painted gold or silver, with black plastic centercaps containing a gold or silver Firebird logo. The only drivetrain changes made for the 1984 model year were the deletion of the Trans Am only EFI Crossfire 305, a hydraulic clutch was now used on the T-5 Borg-Warner 5-speed manual transmission, and on L69 equipped cars, a lightweight flywheel, and an aluminum bellhousing were employed. L69-equipped Trans Ams also received an 8,000 RPM tachometer, an 80 PSI oil pressure gauge, a high-output single electric fan, a functional cold-air induction hood, a higher output mechanical fuel pump, and a secondary electric fuel pump to help prevent vapor lock. Trans Am production increased to 55,374 units.
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797
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
The RPO "Y84" & "Y81" Recaro Edition Trans Am S/E's were slightly revised. The 305 H.O. L69 engine was now the only available engine. The exterior still featured a Black painted body, but gone was the Gold paint on the lower half of the body. All now featured Black painted, RPO W62 Aero package ground effects, the special "RECARO T/A" door handle inserts, the 1983 style gold-plated black and gold Firebird medallions on the sail panels, gold-painted high-tech 15-inch wheels with a black plastic center cap and gold Firebird logo, WS6 package, functional cold air induction "Turbo Hood", with a gold "fade" decal and gold "5.0 Liter H.O." script on the turbo hood's bulge, gold "TRANS AM" decals on the fenders and right side of the rear bumper, a special 3-row gold pinstripe that wrapped around 98% of the lower area of the car, extending up, around the wheelwells, (similar to the second generation Y84 S/E Trans Am's pinstripes). The interior still featured its namesake tan leather Recaro seats. This was the swan song year for Pontiac's black and gold RPO "Y84" Trans Am S/E's, and 1,321 Recaro T/A's were produced.
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798
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
For the 15th Anniversary of the Trans Am, Pontiac released a white and blue Trans Am, following in the original 1969 Trams Am's color scheme for $3,499 over the base $10,699, and limited to just 1,500 units. It also only utilized the 305 H.O. L69 engine, with 1,000 automatics and only 500 with the T-5 Borg-Warner 5-speed manual transmission. The exterior featured a white painted body, T-tops, white painted RPO W62 ground effects, special blue "TRANS AM" decals on the lower rear half of the doors, blue pinstripes similar to the Recaro T/A except they extend around the entire body, special blue and white 15th ANNIVERSARY medallions on the sail panels, a functional cold air induction "Turbo Hood", with a blue "fade" decal and blue "5.0 Liter H.O." script on the turbo hood's bulge. The black tinted Trans Am tail lights featured white paint on the horizontal bars, and a blue on white Firebird logo on the tail light center panel. Another special item featured only on the 15th Anniversary cars was the all new "Aero-Tech" 16-inch convex aluminum wheels, (front/rear specific). The wheels were painted white, with blue pinstripes around the clear coated polished lip's outer perimeter, and were fitted with Goodyear P245/50/VR16 "Gatorback" uni-directional tires (the new wheel/tire combo was very similar to the Corvette's P255/50/VR16 arrangement), marking the first appearance of 16 by 8-inch wheels on any F-body and a first for Pontiac. The WS6 package was standard with a 15th Anniversary Only 25 mm rear sway bar, (as opposed to the ordinary WS6's 23 mm bar). Interior features included: off-white leather with grey cloth inserts Recaro seats with repeating "TRANS AM' script on the center portions, a special off-white leather-wrapped steering wheel with a special blue and white 15th medallion inset in an off-white horn button, off-white leather-wrapped shifter knob and parking brake handle, and off-white pass-side map pocket with a blue Firebird logo and blue "TRANS AM" script.
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Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
For 1985, All Firebird models underwent redevelopment to boost sales as a number of power train improvements were introduced. The Firebird received a restyled nose with black wrap-around inserts known as "bumperettes" to replace the grille inserts; wrap-around "bumperettes" were also added to the rear bumper. The tail lights remained unchanged from the previous "louvered" style design. The carbureted V6 was replaced with a new, multi-port fuel-injected 2.8L V6 making 135 hp. The interior evolved with a new dash design containing redesigned gauges that used a graph-patterned background, a slightly refined dashpad, new T-handle shifter for automatics; a padded and more ergonomic center console design, updated stereo and HVAC faceplates, and an optional version of the previous year's more ergonomic 15th Anniversary's steering wheel.
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