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praneeetha
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tts-indian-languages

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en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_001.wav	So before I begin, I'll give you a little disclaimer of how I actually grew up and what the movies mean to me. When I was a young kid, I thought Mahatma Gandhi was someone who looked like Ben Kingsley. And I thought Adolf Hitler was a look-alike of Charlie Chaplin. So from here on, you decide if you want to take me ser...	en-IN	tedtalk	conversational	23.381	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_002.wav	This guy loves the movies and he's here and he's continuing to work here. Or you could just think that I was a dumb kid in school who just went to the movies. So let me tell you how it all started, not for me but for the world itself. We all know the times of kings where where kings governed everything and but the king...	en-IN	tedtalk	conversational	24.537	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_003.wav	So who was showcasing culture? Artists were showcasing culture, dancers, musicians, poets, people with great literary works. And then what happened? The kings disappeared. And we lived in the world of democracy. I'm sure life is better but not so good for the artist at that point because all of you guys weren't paying ...	en-IN	tedtalk	conversational	24.213	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_004.wav	1894, when these two fine gentlemen, the Lumiere brothers, discovered something called cinema where you projected a moving image from film onto a big screen and there was a lot of public gathering. That's when the artists found their space again. And as technology kept evolving, when silent cinema became, which had sou...	en-IN	tedtalk	explanatory	24.592	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_005.wav	Sound engineers came in. When it moved into color, artists came in, painters came in, and so on and so forth. So by somewhere in the early 1900s, about 1914, 1915 was where cinema really was the keeper of the arts, where a bunch of different artists from different spaces came together to tell this beautiful world in th...	en-IN	tedtalk	explanatory	24.153	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_006.wav	And that's where it all started for everyone. And India came in exactly that time, 1913 was when Raja Harishchandra, the first Indian silent feature film was made. I don't know if you guys are familiar with this image, but this was the first ever film screening in France in the late 1800s. Now, so when India came in, w...	en-IN	tedtalk	explanatory	25.349	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_007.wav	took this to the same era of technology coming into the movies. Now, that's where this that's about 100 years ago. And about 50 years after that is when we began. We came into the movies. My grandfather was a farmer in a in a little village in Andhra said, I want to tell stories and he moved to Madras and started makin...	en-IN	tedtalk	narrative	23.462	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_008.wav	And when we came on, we were a film production house. What is a film production house? It's a house that makes movies and then eventually gives it to a studio to distribute it, to exhibit it and so on and so forth. And then we moved to a city called Hyderabad and it was a never evolving space where we were given land a...	en-IN	tedtalk	explanatory	25.779	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_009.wav	From there to distributing our own content to exhibitors, to different people. We went into exhibition, exhibition which was actually directly working with the theaters or owning, leasing those theaters or building theaters. To see to that the story that we are telling transcends perfectly to each and every one of you....	en-IN	tedtalk	conversational	24.187	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_010.wav	We built the film laboratory, we built sound stages, we built sound design spaces, enhancing digital theater sound, visual effects, all of those to tell better and better stories. But what happened then? It all changed. It all changed how? It changed with the medium of of the digital world. We had something called a fi...	en-IN	tedtalk	explanatory	24.348	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_011.wav	ultimately made ready with multiple copies of prints for all of you all to watch in the cinemas. With the rise of digital that went away, so the infrastructure was not the same anymore. What we realized was we were storytellers who were trying to make a formatted business out of this. Now while cinema was evolving like...	en-IN	tedtalk	explanatory	25.577	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_012.wav	And that's when people decided to sit at the luxury of their own in their own homes with their family members, with their loved ones and start watching cinema there. Then came on the giants of the Amazons and the Netflix where there and your smartphone which is now part of all of us and you started watching stories the...	en-IN	tedtalk	explanatory	25.652	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_013.wav	That's available. Now, this thing called the new ecosystem was something that we didn't understand, something that nobody even now still understands where it's heading. So what did we need? I mean, we were talking about movies, we all bought tickets, went to the movie theater, we all sat at home, watched TV, maybe made...	en-IN	tedtalk	conversational	22.978	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_014.wav	fancy laptops that have high speed internet and all of those, we watch stories there. But today technology has changed so much. We've moved into something called augmented reality, virtual reality. What's augmented reality? Reality where an actor or an artist is actually on your phone performing for you personally. You...	en-IN	tedtalk	explanatory	25.324	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_015.wav	where all of you can actually walk in to this great world where the movie is being made. Yes, all this is happening today. Now, who makes all these things? Is it artists? No. We just are tools to tell these stories. But it is people with technology, people who understand innovation. So that really was the change. When ...	en-IN	tedtalk	conversational	26.262	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_016.wav	Why are you speaking in TED? It's not a paid event, you're an actor. So the only reason I'm here is to tell all of you guys that there is a space out here, there is an opportunity. And why were we able to do it? Because change comes with a lot of hard decisions to make. When film moved away, my mother used to run the f...	en-IN	tedtalk	conversational	21.131	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_017.wav	And everything became digital, nobody was shooting on film anymore. We had to shut the film laboratory, an institution that was there for many, many years. We had to let very, very close personnel go away. And that's really heartbreaking for all of us because all these years we thought this business is going to go on i...	en-IN	tedtalk	emotional	27.165	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_018.wav	There is a great opportunity. I did a film called Bahubali. Have you guys seen it? It's a really cool movie. Yeah. Thank you. So when I did that film, it was, it was breaking norms of every single storytelling pattern. It was a Telugu feature film with a Telugu film director, Telugu film actors, production that was sho...	en-IN	tedtalk	conversational	22.769	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_019.wav	And we were trying to make something which is far bigger than anything that's made in this country or this part of the world. And how did we do this? A, there was a great storyteller who was the director of that film who believed that stories will last forever and took inspiration everything from from the soil that he'...	en-IN	tedtalk	inspirational	25.909	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_020.wav	put it up there on this silver screen for the world to see. And it was not just him. It was the producers of that film. People who were smart, who were educated, who moved in from different fields of business from whether it was technology, whether it's the dot com, I mean they were all over the place and then they cam...	en-IN	tedtalk	conversational	24.73	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_021.wav	to how great cinema can be told. And all of you all saw the result. We made a film called Bahubali which was made on this very soil in Hyderabad city and the world woke up to it. I was, thank you. And why, why could, why was that possible that day? For a simple reason that they were artists, they were people of busines...	en-IN	tedtalk	explanatory	26.214	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_022.wav	And I have many friends, I have people in society who still don't choose entertainment as a career. Now we're at TED. It's technology entertainment stands right in the center, sir, and the design after that. So we need people from business, we need people from technology, we need people from design and every other fiel...	en-IN	tedtalk	conversational	25.618	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_023.wav	If you guys back the filmmakers that are here, if you start innovating for them, if you start giving them technology, empowering them with all the business ideas that all of you have. Sir, we have made Bahubali once and our filmmakers will go over and over to do it again. Now you can you can really think how is this po...	en-IN	tedtalk	conversational	24.671	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_tedtalk_sNbGU_I9HWw_024.wav	How can we do this? I mean, to do this, we need a business format. I mean, we spoke about technology, we spoke about infrastructure, we spoke about every single thing that all the other businesses have. Come look at this as a business. This is going to be definitely the largest, largest growth pattern in this country b...	en-IN	tedtalk	excited	24.988	sNbGU_I9HWw	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_001.wav	Can you reduce your air conditioner's electricity bills? Yes, you can. Up to 30% is possible. That's what we will see how this can be reduced at zero cost, low cost, and high cost. First, you stand in front of your EB meter in your building premises.	en-IN	informational	explanatory	20.258	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_002.wav	And you switch off all the fans, tube lights, fridge, etcetera, all the UPS, geysers, whatever it may be, all the gadgets switch off switch off in your house and allow your AC only to run. And record the kilowatt volts and amps of the AC. And and you compile this with that of your AC OEM's nameplate and what is there a...	en-IN	informational	explanatory	24.226	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_003.wav	OEM AC service team as such. In your house, around 20 units are consumed per day, means 10 units goes towards AC only. So in 30 days, 300 units AC is consuming, means you can save around 100 units per month now as such.	en-IN	informational	explanatory	16.509	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_004.wav	To start with, the comfort zones start with air circulation and practically we use the mid position of the ceiling fans. The BLDC fan consumes only 11 watts whereas your ceiling fan consumes around 46 watts.	en-IN	informational	explanatory	12.858	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_005.wav	So, the residents who are having the inverters at home, they are very much satisfied with the BLDC fans, and BLDC fans, it was giving a backup of 6 hours, whereas the ordinary ceiling fan gave a backup of only 2 hours. You can see the mud portion, all the wattage ratings at mid portion at 46 watts and 11 watts. So the ...	en-IN	informational	explanatory	26.66	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_006.wav	Ceiling fan, the comfort we are achieving through ceiling fan, air cooler and air conditioner. Ceiling fan means the air circulation we get only 10 watts per square meter, whereas for an air cooler in a dry areas, air cooling is needed and it consumes around 40 watts per square meter, whereas the air conditioner consum...	en-IN	informational	explanatory	19.201	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_007.wav	The ordinary ceiling fan consumes 20 times less than that of your air conditioner, and if you had installed a BLDC fan, it consumes 100 times less than that of your AC. That is why it is suggested by the experts, HVAC experts, to run an AC and a BLDC fan and raise the temperature to 27 degrees Celsius so that the elect...	en-IN	informational	explanatory	22.885	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_008.wav	Let us cut our AC electricity bills by smart running daily as such. We have three types of mode that is available, you can see in your remote also. Sleep mode, timer mode, and eco mode. In the sleep mode, the AC automatically adjusts the temperature during the night and it prevents the overcooling and it saves power wh...	en-IN	informational	explanatory	26.609	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_009.wav	And your sleeping also is not disturbed and this also gives electricity savings. Ecomid is used in the mild summer days where the compressor usage is made less and it consumes less power and AC bill also reduces. Thanks to all the Voltas and other AC OEMs the energy saving tips as such. After installing this run hour a...	en-IN	informational	explanatory	26.07	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_010.wav	The run hour and a single phase KWH meter, it's just ₹1000 only and 1000 combo meter it is. And this can be installed at the incoming of your AC in the premises and this will show the number of hours the AC has run per day and the total units consumed. Ultimately the units per hour of the given AC will show.	en-IN	informational	explanatory	20.172	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_011.wav	Whether it is as per the nameplate or if there is any deviation is there you can check with the service team and when whenever we are paying the electricity bill after a month on the day only you find almost 3000 to 5000 rupees the jump is there but this with this combo meter of run hour and KW meter you can monitor yo...	en-IN	informational	explanatory	24.751	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_012.wav	Focus on your, the focus on the AC outdoor health. This is only boiling under the sun to cool your room. So first outdoor needs to be focused, it needs to be comforted. Provide a weatherproof shade with a headroom on the top of it permanently. Or e-commerce platforms, you find this top cover that is available, it just ...	en-IN	informational	explanatory	25.745	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_013.wav	Next, the case study shows the round duct that is fixed on the fan delivery side. Normally, it is called velocity recovery ring. It is used on the cooling towers and all bigger size condenser fans, but this can be also used on the split AC outdoor fan also.	en-IN	informational	explanatory	17.255	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_informational_2ydQNz5O4I4_014.wav	This reduces the AC run overs, compressor run overs, it increases the heat transfer and overall electricity bill also reduces. This we have observed during our energy audit at Ramco Textile Mills at Rajapalayam.	en-IN	informational	explanatory	14.042	2ydQNz5O4I4	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_001.wav	and stand out. So, Naresh to answer that question I'll have to go in with your permission into a bit of autobiography. So, as you said, I wrote a doctoral dissertation on the Chipko movement and shortly after I finished the dissertation, but before the book came out of it, The Unquiet Woods, in between I went to teach ...	en-IN	interview	conversational	22.978	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_002.wav	I was a young postdoc. I got a very fortunate to get a lecturer's job. I wrote about it actually in my last column in in Yale how a confirmed anti-American leftist like me landed up in America in in the late 80s. And there I threw my students. I was teaching actually in a school of environmental studies. I was not teac...	en-IN	interview	narrative	22.668	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_003.wav	Pioneering American environmental thinkers like John Mayer, like Arthur Leopold, like Rachel Carson, and I started wondering, these are all again late 19th, early 20th, 20th century, mid 20th century figures. And I started wondering, are they Indian analogs of such thinkers? You know, because industrialization in India...	en-IN	interview	conversational	24.641	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_004.wav	you know, in Mumbai, we the first textile mills come 100 years before that. And you know, the major cities like Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Kanpur, you know, are built on you know, on on massive fossil fuel industries. And I'd also through my work on Chipko seen the devastation that colonial forestry had caused from th...	en-IN	interview	conversational	24.566	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_005.wav	And of course there's a I knew that in the first half of the 20th century the freedom struggle was kind of taking shape and Indian thinkers were wondering what what kind of policies to adopt when their country became independent. You know, because whenever it became independent. So what would be the policy on education...	en-IN	interview	conversational	24.205	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_006.wav	And I do deal with these vigorous debates and I wondered were there any early environmentalists long before Chipko and curiously enough it was in the university I was teaching, Yale University in their great Stirling Memorial Library that I stumbled upon the writings of two individuals who featured in my you know in in...	en-IN	interview	conversational	23.848	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_007.wav	One was a sociologist and economist teaching at Lucknow University, who was writing in a recognizably environmental language about human relations with water, forest, soils, making cities ecologically sustainable in the 20s or 30s. And the other was someone called J. C. Kumarappa who was close to Gandhi, who stayed in ...	en-IN	interview	formal	24.103	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_008.wav	You know, you work in the villages after he joined and how do you make villages self-sufficient? How do you make them more responsible in their use of natural resources? And that's what these two think of doing. And I discovered their pamphlets and their books in Yale University Library. And I said, look, maybe there i...	en-IN	interview	conversational	25.342	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_009.wav	And which started in the late 19th century and let me start looking for other such figures and I found three or four. I published an essay in EPW which had Mukherjee, Kumarappa, Verrier Elwin and someone you're very interested in, Patrick Geddes who worked in your hometown Mumbai and was the first professor of sociolog...	en-IN	interview	neutral	26.043	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_010.wav	Then I got diverted into political history. I was asked to write India after Gandhi and then then I worked on Mahatma Gandhi and but I kept on looking also my archival journeys writing about democracy and nationalism. I was looking for any other such thinkers I could find. And eventually you know when the pandemic stru...	en-IN	interview	neutral	25.565	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_011.wav	I think I could write a book. I could return to my first field of research. In fact, the field of research that I still followed at second hand, though I wasn't working on the environment. I still was, you know, meeting younger scholars who were doing outstanding work in here in Bangalore and in other cities. And then ...	en-IN	interview	conversational	24.559	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_012.wav	substantial chapter on each one of them. I mean, there are questions about you know, why 10, could I have had 11, 12 and but that that's for later scholars to follow up and you know, to correct my, you know, fill in the gaps and correct my mistaken interpretations. Characterize an Indian voice? I don't think that you c...	en-IN	interview	conversational	24.716	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_013.wav	So what these 10 people do? What makes these 10 people in my book different from Chinese environmentalists or Russian environmentalists or American environmentalists or German environmentalists or Japanese environmentalists, all of whom have been written about in the past? I mean this is probably the first	en-IN	interview	conversational	19.913	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_014.wav	Shall we say long range history of Indian environmentalism. I mean there have been excellent books on Chikko and Narmada and the Jharkhand movement and urban issue in India today. But this is kind of on environmental thought. And there have been similar books on other countries. So what is how do how do these thinkers ...	en-IN	interview	conversational	24.824	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_015.wav	It's this is where both ecology and culture become important. Ecology, culture, and history become important. The history of India is different and distinctive from the history of America. Uh, the culture in terms of, for example, in this case, are religious and linguistic diversity, the operations of the caste system,...	en-IN	interview	explanatory	22.848	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_016.wav	the economic system, in our case if you're a much more agrarian society. And of course the history, in this case colonialism, nationalism. And those the cultural, historical, sociological, economic and ecological specificities of India, inform how these thinkers react and respond and advocate and prescribe. You know, s...	en-IN	interview	conversational	25.017	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_017.wav	Miraben, for example, to take mother figures in the book, she's working in the Himalaya. Now you had the Alps are not the Himalaya. The Rocky Mountains are not the Himalaya, you know. The Japanese mountains are not the Himalaya. Not just in how big their mountains are, but how much rainfall there is, what forms of cult...	en-IN	interview	explanatory	24.597	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_018.wav	other what you know the and so on and so forth. So Geddy's likewise I mentioned he wrote on many Indian cities one of which was Indore. Now Indore is Indore is not shall we say Milwaukee you know it's not Manchester. I mean to take a comparable middle sized city in some other or Dusseldorf in some other country. So tha...	en-IN	interview	conversational	24.505	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_019.wav	Uh, since we in 2025 live in the same country, the same landscape, with sharing the same burdens of history, the same forms of the same society, you know, disfigured still by, you know, different forms of inequality, in the similar landscape, but now much ravaged, you know. So in that sense, these thinkers.	en-IN	interview	conversational	25.009	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_020.wav	can provide us inspiration but not guidance because the historical context has changed, but they worked in the same recognizable spaces. So that's what makes their work important. We can't really learn how to, you know, manage our cities from someone who worked in Sao Paulo or Chicago.	en-IN	interview	conversational	23.892	interview	24,000
en-IN_interview_interview_021.wav	we can't really learn about I will take another example the couple I talk about the howards who work on sustainable agriculture, you know, we can't really they actually I think their work is still relevant and they are people who are still taking their work forward in India in a modest way, but you know, agriculture sc...	en-IN	interview	conversational	22.071	interview	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_001.wav	by asking first, then any questions. And then that will give us a starting point. Last time we discussed the uncertainty principle a little bit, and I tried to point out that quantum mechanics has some intrinsic by its very nature deep inside it, there's a certain degree of uncertainty in our ability.	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	25.271	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_002.wav	to completely understand or completely specify numerical values for physical observables. Now of course we must quantify this and right away let me see let me say that popular accounts on quantum mechanics very often tend to say that quantum mechanics is all about probabilities.	en-IN	nptel	neutral	24.141	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_003.wav	And there is it's indeterminate and that's uncertain and so on and so forth. I should say immediately that only part of the statement is right. The rules for calculating probabilities are completely known. They are deterministic. There's nothing uncertain about that. But the fact is quantum mechanics does say that asso...	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	25.147	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_004.wav	physical measurable quantities, you have a certain intrinsic statistical nature, which means that you can only talk in terms of probability distributions and all the other things associated with probability distributions like average values, mean square values, standard deviations and so on and so forth. So in that sen...	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	25.262	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_005.wav	classical Hamiltonian mechanics for instance, where we were able to specify the state of a system by a very precise point in phase space. The idea of a point in phase space is lost once you go to quantum mechanics and that's the way things are. Okay. Now, the framework in which you discuss quantum mechanics is mathemat...	en-IN	nptel	neutral	24.662	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_006.wav	And in its most elementary form, the mathematics is actually quite elementary. It's more elementary than what you need for say Hamiltonian mechanics, where you need fairly sophisticated concepts such as Poisson brackets and symplectic structures and so on. In quantum mechanics, this is replaced by a very linear kind of...	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	24.724	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_007.wav	The states of systems are specified not by points in some phase space, but by an element of a linear vector space. And this element is called the state of the system. It's an abstract concept, it's called the state of the system. And the idea is that there exists something called the state of a system which happens to ...	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	25.406	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_008.wav	And the state of the system potentially can give you all the information you can find about the system. Just as in classical mechanics, once I tell you that a system has n degrees of freedom, you associate with it a 2n dimensional phase space, you find the general cord, generalized coordinates and momenta, and then a p...	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	26.764	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_009.wav	You have to throw that out in quantum mechanics. Now the experiments which led us to this kind of description, very long and over the years, they grew and in the early days the interpretation of quantum mechanics posed a very severe problem. The formulation of quantum mechanics itself posed a fairly deep problem, but e...	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	26.144	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_010.wav	the formalism was in place in some sense. Since that time many many layers have been added to it, but the original foundational formalism that was initiated in a very rapidly remarkably short time in the early 1920s, that still remains in place. Okay. So let me start by saying that a system, a quantum mechanical	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	25.234	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_012.wav	And the kind of symbols we'd use for it changes from one book to another, one author to another, but by now there's a standard symbol for these states, and the one that I'm going to use is called Dirac notation, and I'll say a lot more about Dirac notation as we go along. It is denoted by something like that. I'll use ...	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	24.871	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_013.wav	And I'm going to put this mysterious angular bracket here, just to tell you that it is an element of a linear vector space. Now whenever I say linear vector space, the way to imagine this linear vector space is to imagine a three-dimensional Euclidean space, for example. And then of course you have vectors in three-dim...	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	25.776	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_014.wav	is one particular example, and therefore all the properties that we're going to talk about for state vectors, many of them can be imagined by thinking about ordinary three-dimensional vectors and using vector algebra to add them. Now this state vector is actually a function of time. So that's the first thing. You must ...	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	25.697	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_015.wav	Let me write it like this, psi of t. Capital psi. I'll use capital for the moment. You'll see why I use a capital letter because I want to use the small psi for something else. Okay. And it's a function of time. To find out what happens to the state as time goes along, we have to prescribe a rule of evolution.	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	24.892	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_016.wav	Just as in classical physics, Hamiltonian dynamics, we prescribed Hamilton's equations of motion. In exactly the same way, I'm going to prescribe a rule for this psi of t, and afterwards we'll come back and simultaneously rather, we'll interpret what this psi of t is and how it gives you information on various quantiti...	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	23.292	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_017.wav	Now this is essential because many things I'm going to say, assume that you know about linear vector spaces or linear spaces. So let me go through a small mathematical digression on linear vector spaces. Now of course all of you have studied linear algebra. Is there anyone here who hasn't?	en-IN	nptel	neutral	24.247	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_018.wav	heard of a linear vector space, hasn't had linear algebra? because if you have, then I can assume knowledge of this. How many of you have had a course in linear algebra? Almost everybody. three or four haven't, but have you had a course on matrices? For example, everybody.	en-IN	nptel	conversational	23.496	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_019.wav	So essentially, if you know about matrices, you already know all the mathematics you need. So let me reassure you that there's not much left. All you need to know is how to handle matrices and that to square matrices. Okay. Now let me formally define a linear vector space. I'm not going to go through a lengthy exact de...	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	24.726	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_021.wav	Phi, phi, chi, etcetera. I use Greek letters for these vectors. These are called ket vectors for a reason which I'll explain subsequently. But I use this funny angular bracket for it. Because like tensor notation in ordinary tensor calculus, where we had the summation convention and the index notation.	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	25.193	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_022.wav	It was very convenient in that sense. In exactly the same way, this notation is a natural notation for quantum mechanics. So it helps you do calculations very easily once you use this notation. In fact, this is half the battle is won if you express things in the right notation. This is exactly what the Dirac notation d...	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	24.635	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_023.wav	You define certain operations. The fundamental one is that of addition. So you say that you add two vectors. So, is linear vector spaces, it contains a set of elements which are which are elements of a linear vector space V.	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	26.127	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
en-IN_nptel_y3ARLfm-52w_024.wav	So it says that if psi plus phi, psi and phi are elements of V, this is also an element of V. So you add two vectors and you get another vector which also belongs to the same space. Moreover, this addition is associative in the sense that	en-IN	nptel	explanatory	22.606	y3ARLfm-52w	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_001.wav	ఈరోజు వీడియోలో హోటల్ స్టైల్ లో మైసూర్ బోండాల్ని ఇంట్లో ఈజీగా ఎలా చేసుకోవచ్చో చూపించబోతున్నాను. పర్ఫెక్ట్ గా చేసుకునే విధానం చూపిస్తున్నానండి. జనరల్ గా చాలా మందికి మైసూర్ బోండా చేసేటప్పుడు షేప్ సరిగా రాదు అండ్ అలాగే లోపల పిండి పిండిగా ఉండిపోతూ ఉంటుంది. అలా చేస్తే ఇంట్లో వాళ్ళు ఎలా తింటారో చెప్పండి. సో అలా కాకుండా పర్ఫెక...	te-IN	cooking	neutral	27.83	cooking_tel	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_002.wav	ఎలా చేసుకోవాలి, పిండి ఎలా కలుపుకోవాలి అనేది నేను ఈ వీడియోలో క్లియర్ గా మీకు చూపించబోతున్నానండి. నేను చెప్పే టిప్స్ ని అండ్ కొలతల్ని ఫాలో అయితే బయట హోటల్ కంటే కూడా పర్ఫెక్ట్ టెక్చర్, పర్ఫెక్ట్ టేస్ట్ తో ఇంట్లో చేసేయొచ్చు. సో ఇక లేట్ చేయకుండా మైసూర్ బోండా ప్రిపరేషన్ ఏంటో చూసేద్దాం. ఈ మైసూర్ బోండా చేసుకోవడానికి ముందుగా ఒక...	te-IN	cooking	explanatory	25	cooking_tel	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_003.wav	బాగా ఒక ఫైవ్ టు టెన్ మినిట్స్ పాటు బీట్ చేస్తే మంచిగా సాఫ్ట్ గా క్రీమీ టెక్చర్ వస్తుంది. ఇలా బాగా బీట్ చేసుకున్న తర్వాత ఇందులోకి రుచికి సరిపడా ఉప్పు, హాఫ్ టీ స్పూన్ దాకా వంట సోడా, ఒక టేబుల్ స్పూన్ దాకా ఆయిల్ కూడా వేసేసి బాగా బీట్ చేయండి. ఒక టూ మినిట్స్ పాటు బీట్ చేస్తే సరిపోతుంది. చూడండి పెరుగు వంట సోడా రియాక్ట్ అయ్యి ...	te-IN	cooking	explanatory	25	cooking_tel	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_004.wav	తర్వాత ఇందులోకి మనం ఏ కప్పుతో అయితే పెరుగు తీసుకున్నామో అదే కప్పుతో ఒక కప్పు దాకా మైదా పిండి వేసుకోవాలి. ఇలా పిండి వేసేసిన తర్వాత ఇందులోకి వేడి నీళ్ళని కొద్ది కొద్దిగా వేసుకుంటూ పిండిని బాగా మిక్స్ చేసుకోవాలి. మైసూర్ బోండాకి పిండి బాగా లూస్ అయిపోతే సరిగా రాదండి. సో అందుకని వాటర్ ని ఒకేసారి వేయకుండా కొంచెం కొంచెంగా వేసు...	te-IN	cooking	explanatory	27.465	cooking_tel	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_005.wav	ఇక్కడ మైదా పిండికి బదులుగా మీరు గోధుమ పిండి వాడుకున్నా పర్లేదు. గోధుమ పిండితో అయినా మైసూర్ బోండా చాలా టేస్టీగా వస్తుందండి. సో హెల్త్ కాన్షియస్ ఉన్నవాళ్ళు గోధుమ పిండినే యూస్ చేయండి. గోధుమ పిండితో కూడా నేను మైసూర్ బోండా చేశాను. కావాలంటే లింక్ డిస్క్రిప్షన్ బాక్స్ లో ఇస్తాను.	te-IN	cooking	conversational	14.599	cooking_tel	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_006.wav	పిండి మొత్తం కలిపిన తర్వాత కన్సిస్టెన్సీ చూడండి. ఇక్కడ వీడియో క్లిప్ లో చూపిస్తున్న విధంగా ఇలా సాగాలన్నమాట. మనం కలుపుకునే పిండి విధానంలోనే మైసూర్ బోండా యొక్క టేస్ట్ అండ్ టెక్చర్ అనేది ఉంటుందండి. సో ఇలా కలుపుకున్న పిండిని కనీసం ఐదు నిమిషాల పాటు బాగా బీట్ చేయాలి. పై నుంచి కింద వరకు ఇలా కొడుతూ బాగా బీట్ చేయండి. ఇక్కడ నేను...	te-IN	cooking	explanatory	25.403	cooking_tel	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_007.wav	ఇలా బీట్ చేయడం వల్ల లోపల ఎయిర్ గ్యాప్స్ అనేవి ఫామ్ అయ్యి మైసూర్ బోండా గుల్లగా ఫ్లఫీగా వస్తుంది. సో ఇలా పిండిని కలిపేసుకున్న తర్వాత ఇందులోకి ఒక టీ స్పూన్ దాకా జీలకర్ర, ఒక టేబుల్ స్పూన్ దాకా సన్నగా కట్ చేసి పెట్టుకున్న కరివేపాకు, హాఫ్ టేబుల్ స్పూన్ దాకా సన్నగా తరిగి పెట్టుకున్న అల్లం, అలాగే ఒక టేబుల్ స్పూన్ దాకా చిన్నగా ...	te-IN	cooking	explanatory	22.595	cooking_tel	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_008.wav	ఇక్కడ మీకు పచ్చిమిర్చి, అల్లం నోటికి తగలకూడదు అని అనుకుంటే గనక, ఈ పచ్చిమిర్చిని అల్లాన్ని కూడా కొంచెం క్రష్ చేసుకుని కచ్చాపచ్చగా దంచుకుని అయినా వేసుకోవచ్చు. ఇలా అన్నీ వేసేసిన తర్వాత బాగా కలిసేటట్టుగా మిక్స్ చేసుకోండి. ఒక నిమిషం పాటు బాగా కలిపేసుకుని ఈ పిండి పైన ఒక క్లాత్ ని గాని లేదంటే ఒక ప్లేట్ ని కానీ బోర్లింగ్ చేసి	te-IN	cooking	explanatory	19.456	cooking_tel	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_009.wav	ఒక గంట పాటు నానపెట్టుకోండి. కనీసం ఈ పిండి అనేది అరగంట నుంచి గంట లోపు నానితే సరిపోతుందండి. పిండి ఎంత ఎక్కువ సేపు నానితే అంత చక్కగా మైసూర్ బోండా అనేది వస్తుందన్నమాట. ఇలా ఒక వన్ అవర్ పాటు పిండి నానిన తర్వాత కొంచెం ఫ్లఫీగా అవుతుందన్నమాట. ఇంక ఈ పిండిని మనం కదిలించకూడదు. అసలు డిస్టర్బ్ చేయకుండా సైడ్ నుంచి కొద్ది కొద్దిగా పిం...	te-IN	cooking	neutral	26.316	cooking_tel	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_010.wav	పిండిని కొద్ది కొద్దిగా తీసుకుంటూ ఆయిల్ లో వేసుకోండి. ఆయిల్ అనేది హీట్ అయిన తర్వాత మంటని లో ఫ్లేమ్ లోకి టర్న్ చేసుకోండి. ఇప్పుడు ఆయిల్ కి పట్టేటట్టుగా ఎన్ని మైసూర్ బోండాలు వీలైతే అన్ని మైసూర్ బోండాలని స్లోగా ఇలా డ్రాప్ చేయండి. మీరు ఎలా డ్రాప్ చేసినా కూడా ఈ మైసూర్ బోండా పర్ఫెక్ట్ రౌండ్ షేప్ వచ్చేస్తుంది పిండి ఇలా కలుపుక...	te-IN	cooking	explanatory	23.487	cooking_tel	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_011.wav	ఇప్పుడు రౌండ్ గా తిప్పుతూ రెండు వైపులా కూడా ఈవెన్ గా కాలేటట్టుగా టర్న్ చేసుకుంటూ లైట్ గోల్డెన్ బ్రౌన్ షేడ్ వచ్చేంత వరకు ఫ్రై చేసుకోవాలి. ఇలా క్రిస్పీగా మంచి కలర్ వచ్చిన తర్వాత వీటిని తీసుకుని టిష్యూ ఉన్న బౌల్ లోకి ట్రాన్స్ఫర్ చేసుకోండి.	te-IN	cooking	explanatory	14.848	cooking_tel	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_012.wav	ఇలా మనం మైసూర్ బోండా చేసుకుంటే ఆయిల్ కూడా ఎక్కువ పీల్చదండి, చాలా పర్ఫెక్ట్ గా వస్తాయి. ఇన్ కేస్ ఎక్కడైనా ఎక్సెస్ ఆయిల్ ఉంటే గనుక టిష్యూ పేపర్ అనేది పీల్చేస్తుంది. ఇదే విధంగా పిండి మొత్తాన్ని కూడా మైసూర్ బోండా కింద వేసేసుకోవడమే. మీకు ఇంకొక డౌట్ కూడా రావచ్చు, అదేంటి అంటే ముందు రోజు నైట్ పిండి కలుపుకోవచ్చా అనే క్వశ్చన్ నన...	te-IN	cooking	conversational	22.506	cooking_tel	24,000
te-IN_cooking_cooking_tel_013.wav	ఇప్పుడు నేను చెప్పినట్టుగా పిండి కలిపేసి బయట మాత్రం ఉంచొద్దు, ఫ్రిజ్ లో పెట్టేసుకోండి, ఏం కాదు. నెక్స్ట్ డే మార్నింగ్ తీసి మనం బోండాల కింద వేసేసుకోవచ్చు. అంతేనండి, ఇలా చేసుకుంటే మైసూర్ బోండా బయట కొనే పనిలేదు, హ్యాపీగా ఇంట్లోనే పర్ఫెక్ట్ గా చేసేసుకోవచ్చు అన్నమాట. ఈ వీడియోలో చూస్తుంటేనే మీకు అర్థమైపోయి ఉంటుంది మైసూర్ బోం...	te-IN	cooking	explanatory	25	cooking_tel	24,000
hi-IN_class_hindi_class_hindi_001.wav	इस वीडियो के अंदर हम डिस्कस कर रहे होंगे वो फेमस थ्री स्टेप स्ट्रेटजी जिसको यूज करके हम टेल मी अबाउट योरसेल्फ का बहुत ही अच्छा जवाब अपने इंटरव्यूज में दे सकते हैं। उसके लिए सबसे पहले हम बात करते हैं कि टेल मी अबाउट योरसेल्फ सवाल पूछा क्यों जाता है। ये सवाल रिक्रूटर इसलिए नहीं पूछता था कि वो आपके बारे में और ज्यादा हिस्...	hi-IN	class_hindi	explanatory	25.812	class_hindi	24,000
hi-IN_class_hindi_class_hindi_002.wav	इस सवाल को पूछने के पीछे दो मोटिव्स होते हैं, मेन मोटिव्स जिनमें से सबसे पहला होता है कि आप ऐसा कुछ उनको बता दें कि आप कैसे बाकी दूसरे कैंडिडेट से बेटर हैं। और दूसरी चीज ये वो ये इवैल्यूएट कर रहे होते हैं कि आप उनकी कंपनी के लिए, उस रोल के लिए, उस ऑर्गेनाइजेशन में।	hi-IN	class_hindi	explanatory	17.191	class_hindi	24,000
hi-IN_class_hindi_class_hindi_003.wav	क्या वैल्यू लेकर आ रहे हैं जिस वैल्यू की वजह से आप उस रोल के लिए सही हैं। इन दोनों चीजों को एनालाइज करने के लिए शुरुआत में इंटरव्यूअर पूछता है टेल मी अबाउट योरसेल्फ। छोटा सा मोटिव और यह हो सकता है कि आप शुरुआत में एक ऐसी चीज के बारे में बात कर रहे होते हैं जिसके बारे में आपको सबसे ज्यादा पता है। तो एक तरीके से आपका कॉन...	hi-IN	class_hindi	explanatory	22.026	class_hindi	24,000
hi-IN_class_hindi_class_hindi_004.wav	लेकिन अगर आप पहले से प्रिपेयर्ड नहीं है तो कभी-कभी ऐसी सिचुएशन आ सकती है कि इंटरव्यूज में हम टेल मी अबाउट योर सेल्फ के बारे में अपने बारे में ही कभी-कभी नहीं बता पाते, अटकते हैं। जिसकी वजह से आगे का इंटरव्यू हमारा हैंपर हो सकता है इसीलिए काफी इंपॉर्टेंट है कि पहले से हमें पता हो कि इस सवाल का हम क्या जवाब देने वाले हैं...	hi-IN	class_hindi	neutral	27.974	class_hindi	24,000
hi-IN_class_hindi_class_hindi_005.wav	अब इसमें थ्री स्टेप अपनी टेक्निक की बात करें तो उसमें सबसे पहला स्टेप है कि आपको ग्रीट करना इंटरव्यूअर को, फिर अपना नाम बताना है, फिर एक ब्रीफ डिस्क्रिप्शन देना है या तो अपनी एजुकेशन का, अगर आपने अभी नया-नया कॉलेज ग्रेजुएट किया है या आप किसी इंटर्नशिप के लिए अप्लाई कर रहे हैं, नहीं तो अपने एक्सपीरियंस का, एक्सपीरियंस क...	hi-IN	class_hindi	explanatory	25	class_hindi	24,000
hi-IN_class_hindi_class_hindi_006.wav	डिस्क्रिप्शन देना है या तो अपनी एजुकेशन का या फिर अपने एक्सपीरियंस का। इसके कुछ एग्जांपल्स हो सकते हैं जैसे हाय, माय नेम इज अमन। आई एम डूइंग माय बैचलर्स इन टेक्नोलॉजी फ्रॉम एबीसी कॉलेज एंड माय स्पेशलाइजेशन इज इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स एंड कम्युनिकेशन इंजीनियरिंग।	hi-IN	class_hindi	conversational	14.205	class_hindi	24,000

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TTS Indian Languages Dataset

A curated Text-to-Speech training dataset of 168 segments (~66 minutes) of clean, single-speaker audio in Indian English, Hindi, and Telugu — sourced from YouTube and processed using Sarvam AI's ASR and LLM APIs.

Dataset Summary

Language	Code	Duration
Indian English	`en-IN`	32.4 min
Hindi	`hi-IN`	24.0 min
Telugu	`te-IN`	10.0 min
Total		66.4 min

Dataset Structure

Each row contains:

Field	Type	Description
`audio`	Audio (24kHz mono)	WAV audio segment
`transcript`	string	ASR transcript (Sarvam `saaras:v3`)
`language`	string	BCP-47 language code
`source_type`	string	Content category (e.g. `tedtalk`, `interview`)
`emotion`	string	Speaking style/emotion tag
`duration_seconds`	float	Segment duration
`source_video`	string	YouTube video ID
`sample_rate`	int	24000

Source Types

Source	Segments
tedtalk	24
nptel	22
interview	21
speech_hindi	23
informational	14
cooking / cooking_hindi	26
class_hindi	13
motivational_hindi	13
movie_recap	12

Emotion / Style Tags

Tag	Count	Description
explanatory	73	Teaching, breaking down concepts
conversational	44	Casual, natural speech
narrative	23	Storytelling, recounting events
neutral	18	Flat, no strong emotion
emotional	4	Heartfelt, vulnerable
inspirational	4	Motivational, uplifting
excited	1	High energy, enthusiastic
formal	1	Structured, professional

Pipeline

Audio was processed through the following steps:

Download — yt-dlp from YouTube
Convert — ffmpeg to 24kHz mono WAV
Segment — silence-detect based splitting into 10–28s clips
Transcribe — Sarvam saaras:v3 ASR
Quality filter — duration, word-rate, and SNR checks
Emotion tag — Sarvam sarvam-30b LLM

Quality Filters Applied

Segments were rejected if they failed any of:

Duration outside 10–28 seconds
Transcript shorter than 20 characters or longer than 600 characters
Word rate above 0.8 s/word (ASR mismatch / hallucination signal)
Mean volume below −35 dB (noise or silence)

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("praneeetha/tts-indian-languages")
print(ds["train"][0])

Sources

All audio is sourced from publicly available YouTube videos. Segments were trimmed to the specified time ranges.

Indian English (en-IN)

Source	Video	Time Range	Notes
NPTEL lecture	y3ARLfm-52w	1:10 – 11:10	Academic lecture
TED Talk	sNbGU_I9HWw	0:15 – 10:15	Applause section at ~8:40 filtered out by quality checks
Informational	2ydQNz5O4I4	0:01 – 5:00	General explainer
Interview	NGpbAwjqBfM	13:05 – 21:40	Host segments manually removed before processing

Hindi (hi-IN)

Source	Video	Time Range	Notes
Aamir Khan masterclass (speech)	UB2XEDvbJhU	0:40 – 10:40	Motivational speech
Cooking video	8YNa-WLQ0gg	0:00 – 5:00	Hindi cooking tutorial
Hindi class	OLVUrgQ_BbA	0:00 – 5:00	Educational
Motivational video	aNUXlU5P4vg	0:00 – 5:00	Motivational Hindi speech

Telugu (te-IN)

Source	Video	Time Range	Notes
Cooking video	hhPdqQgr_uU	0:00 – 5:00	Telugu cooking tutorial
Movie recap	XpX_-sgdtWw	3:21 – 8:21	Telugu movie narration

Licensing

Audio is sourced from publicly available YouTube videos for research and educational purposes. Dataset annotations are released under CC BY 4.0.

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