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README.md
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dtype: string
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- name: scripts_roman_options
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sequence: string
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- name: scripts_roman_answer
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dtype: string
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_bytes: 541053211.0
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num_examples: 375
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download_size: 540957323
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dataset_size: 541053211.0
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configs:
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- config_name: default
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---
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---
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pretty_name: Punjabi Multimodal Visual Reasoning (PuMVR)
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tags:
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- multimodal
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- visual-question-answering
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- multi-script
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- low-resource-language
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- punjabi
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- image-to-text
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- multiple-choice
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language: # Corrected from 'languages' (singular is required)
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- pa # ISO 639-1 code for Punjabi
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- en # English
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language_bcp47:
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- pa-Guru # Punjabi, Gurmukhi script
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- pa-Arab # Punjabi, Shahmukhi script (Perso-Arabic)
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- pa-Latn # Punjabi, Roman script (Latin)
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task_categories:
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- visual-question-answering
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- image-to-text
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- multiple-choice
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- question-answering
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license: cc-by-4.0
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configs: # Corrected from object/mapping to an array of objects
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- config_name: default
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multilinguality: multi-script
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annotations_creators:
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- human
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language_creators:
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- native-speakers
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size_categories:
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- 100M<X<1B
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---
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# PuMVR: Punjabi Multimodal Visual Reasoning Benchmark
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## 🌟 Dataset Overview
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**PuMVR (Punjabi Multimodal Visual Reasoning)** is a novel benchmark designed to evaluate **script-dependent performance biases** in Vision-Language Models (VLMs). It addresses the critical gap that current VLM evaluations fail to test whether models are truly **multi-script**, a distinction vital for languages like Punjabi which are actively written in multiple scripts.
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The dataset features **375 unique image-text reasoning tasks** focused on Punjabi culture, history, and daily life. All instances are translated and rigorously validated across the three active Punjabi writing systems: **Gurmukhi (pa-Guru), Shahmukhi (pa-Arab), and Roman (pa-Latn)**.
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* **Total Instances:** 375
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* **Total Size:** 541 MB
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* **Language:** Punjabi (pa) with three distinct script variants.
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* **Target Models:** State-of-the-art VLMs
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---
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## 📊 Dataset Structure and Statistics
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The dataset is organized into a single split (`train`) and is composed of image data and corresponding textual annotations stored in a JSON file.
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### Data Fields
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The dataset schema contains all necessary components for running multiple-choice VQA across three scripts:
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| Field Name | Data Type | Description |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- |
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| **`id`** | `string` | Unique identifier (e.g., `C1_001`). |
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| **`category`** | `string` | The specific task category (1 of 6). |
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| **`image`** | `Image` | The associated visual input (decoded from the file path). |
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| **`reasoning`** | `string` | Human-written explanation for the ground truth answer (in English). |
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| **`scripts_[script]_question`** | `string` | The reasoning question in the specified script. |
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| **`scripts_[script]_options`** | `list[string]`| 4 multiple-choice options in the specified script. |
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| **`scripts_[script]_answer`** | `string` | The single correct option in the specified script. |
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*(The `[script]` placeholder is one of: `gurmukhi`, `shahmukhi`, or `roman`.)*
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### Task Categories
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The 375 instances are distributed across 6 categories, ensuring a comprehensive test of multimodal script robustness:
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1. **Visual Analogies:** Tests relational reasoning (e.g., Turban:Head :: Shoe:?).
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2. **Cultural Object Recognition:** Tests knowledge of Punjabi-specific cultural items (e.g., *Phulkari*, musical instruments).
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3. **Festival & Celebration Reasoning:** Tests cultural knowledge and temporal reasoning around regional events (e.g., *Lohri*).
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4. **Architectural & Landmark Recognition:** Tests visual and geographic grounding of regional landmarks (e.g., Golden Temple).
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5. **Text-in-Image Reasoning:** Tests cross-script OCR and multimodal comprehension, including scenarios where image text and question text scripts are mismatched.
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6. **Abstract Visual-Linguistic Reasoning:** Tests basic spatial and logical reasoning with Punjabi language labels.
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---
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## ⚖️ Ethical and Legal Considerations
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### Licenses
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* **Data:** The PuMVR dataset is released under the **Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)**.
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* **Images:** Majority (approximately 95%) of the images are AI-generated (synthetic data) to ensure cultural specificity and clear licensing. The remaining images are sourced from public domain, Wikimedia Commons, and original photography.
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### Data Creation and Validation
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The textual data was created and rigorously validated by a team of native speakers across both Indian and Pakistani Punjabi contexts to ensure **semantic equivalence** and **cultural appropriateness** across the Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi, and Roman scripts.
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### Limitations
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The dataset is highly focused on **Punjabi culture**, which introduces a domain-specific bias. The Romanization used reflects common digital usage but is not strictly standardized, mirroring real-world multi-script challenges.
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