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  ---
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- dataset_info:
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- features:
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- - name: id
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- dtype: string
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- - name: category
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- dtype: string
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- - name: image
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- dtype: image
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- - name: reasoning
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- dtype: string
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- - name: scripts_gurmukhi_question
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- dtype: string
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- - name: scripts_gurmukhi_options
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- sequence: string
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- - name: scripts_gurmukhi_answer
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- dtype: string
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- - name: scripts_shahmukhi_question
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- dtype: string
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- - name: scripts_shahmukhi_options
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- sequence: string
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- - name: scripts_shahmukhi_answer
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- dtype: string
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- - name: scripts_roman_question
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- dtype: string
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- - name: scripts_roman_options
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- sequence: string
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- - name: scripts_roman_answer
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- dtype: string
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- splits:
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- - name: train
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- num_bytes: 541053211.0
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- num_examples: 375
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- download_size: 540957323
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- dataset_size: 541053211.0
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- configs:
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  - config_name: default
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: data/train-*
 
 
 
 
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  ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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+ pretty_name: Punjabi Multimodal Visual Reasoning (PuMVR)
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+ tags:
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+ - multimodal
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+ - visual-question-answering
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+ - multi-script
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+ - low-resource-language
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+ - punjabi
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+ - image-to-text
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+ - multiple-choice
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+ language: # Corrected from 'languages' (singular is required)
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+ - pa # ISO 639-1 code for Punjabi
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+ - en # English
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+ language_bcp47:
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+ - pa-Guru # Punjabi, Gurmukhi script
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+ - pa-Arab # Punjabi, Shahmukhi script (Perso-Arabic)
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+ - pa-Latn # Punjabi, Roman script (Latin)
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+ task_categories:
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+ - visual-question-answering
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+ - image-to-text
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+ - multiple-choice
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+ - question-answering
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+ license: cc-by-4.0
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+ configs: # Corrected from object/mapping to an array of objects
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  - config_name: default
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+ multilinguality: multi-script
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+ annotations_creators:
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+ - human
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+ language_creators:
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+ - native-speakers
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+ size_categories:
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+ - 100M<X<1B
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  ---
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+
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+ # PuMVR: Punjabi Multimodal Visual Reasoning Benchmark
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+
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+ ## 🌟 Dataset Overview
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+
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+ **PuMVR (Punjabi Multimodal Visual Reasoning)** is a novel benchmark designed to evaluate **script-dependent performance biases** in Vision-Language Models (VLMs). It addresses the critical gap that current VLM evaluations fail to test whether models are truly **multi-script**, a distinction vital for languages like Punjabi which are actively written in multiple scripts.
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+
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+ The dataset features **375 unique image-text reasoning tasks** focused on Punjabi culture, history, and daily life. All instances are translated and rigorously validated across the three active Punjabi writing systems: **Gurmukhi (pa-Guru), Shahmukhi (pa-Arab), and Roman (pa-Latn)**.
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+
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+ * **Total Instances:** 375
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+ * **Total Size:** 541 MB
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+ * **Language:** Punjabi (pa) with three distinct script variants.
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+ * **Target Models:** State-of-the-art VLMs
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 📊 Dataset Structure and Statistics
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+
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+ The dataset is organized into a single split (`train`) and is composed of image data and corresponding textual annotations stored in a JSON file.
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+
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+ ### Data Fields
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+
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+ The dataset schema contains all necessary components for running multiple-choice VQA across three scripts:
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+
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+ | Field Name | Data Type | Description |
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+ | :--- | :--- | :--- |
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+ | **`id`** | `string` | Unique identifier (e.g., `C1_001`). |
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+ | **`category`** | `string` | The specific task category (1 of 6). |
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+ | **`image`** | `Image` | The associated visual input (decoded from the file path). |
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+ | **`reasoning`** | `string` | Human-written explanation for the ground truth answer (in English). |
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+ | **`scripts_[script]_question`** | `string` | The reasoning question in the specified script. |
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+ | **`scripts_[script]_options`** | `list[string]`| 4 multiple-choice options in the specified script. |
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+ | **`scripts_[script]_answer`** | `string` | The single correct option in the specified script. |
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+
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+ *(The `[script]` placeholder is one of: `gurmukhi`, `shahmukhi`, or `roman`.)*
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+
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+ ### Task Categories
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+
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+ The 375 instances are distributed across 6 categories, ensuring a comprehensive test of multimodal script robustness:
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+
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+ 1. **Visual Analogies:** Tests relational reasoning (e.g., Turban:Head :: Shoe:?).
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+ 2. **Cultural Object Recognition:** Tests knowledge of Punjabi-specific cultural items (e.g., *Phulkari*, musical instruments).
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+ 3. **Festival & Celebration Reasoning:** Tests cultural knowledge and temporal reasoning around regional events (e.g., *Lohri*).
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+ 4. **Architectural & Landmark Recognition:** Tests visual and geographic grounding of regional landmarks (e.g., Golden Temple).
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+ 5. **Text-in-Image Reasoning:** Tests cross-script OCR and multimodal comprehension, including scenarios where image text and question text scripts are mismatched.
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+ 6. **Abstract Visual-Linguistic Reasoning:** Tests basic spatial and logical reasoning with Punjabi language labels.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## ⚖️ Ethical and Legal Considerations
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+
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+ ### Licenses
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+ * **Data:** The PuMVR dataset is released under the **Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)**.
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+ * **Images:** Majority (approximately 95%) of the images are AI-generated (synthetic data) to ensure cultural specificity and clear licensing. The remaining images are sourced from public domain, Wikimedia Commons, and original photography.
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+
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+ ### Data Creation and Validation
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+ The textual data was created and rigorously validated by a team of native speakers across both Indian and Pakistani Punjabi contexts to ensure **semantic equivalence** and **cultural appropriateness** across the Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi, and Roman scripts.
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+
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+ ### Limitations
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+ The dataset is highly focused on **Punjabi culture**, which introduces a domain-specific bias. The Romanization used reflects common digital usage but is not strictly standardized, mirroring real-world multi-script challenges.